Hydrogen tube vehicle for supersonic transport: Analysis of the concept
- 作者：A.R. Miller
- 关键词：Aerodynamics ; Fuel cells ; Gas bearings ; Hydrogen ; Pipeline ; Speed of sound ; Supersonic transport
- 刊名：International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
- 出版年：2008
- 期刊代码：42_03603199
- 类别：ch
- 出版时间：April 2008
- 卷：33
- 期：8
- 页码：1995-2006
- 文件大小：3013 K
摘要
I propose and analyze a concept vehicle that operates in a hydrogen atmosphere contained within a tube, or pipeline, and because of the high speed of sound in hydrogen, it delays the onset of the sound barrier. Mach 1.2 in air corresponds to only Mach 0.32 in hydrogen. The proposed vehicle, a cross between a train and an airplane, is multi-articulated, runs on a guideway, is propelled by propfans, and flies on a hydrogen aerostatic fluid film. Vehicle power is provided by onboard hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel is taken from the tube itself, liquid oxygen (LOX) is carried onboard, and the product water is collected and stored until the end of a run. Thus, unlike conventional vehicles, it breathes its fuel, stores its oxidant, and its weight increases during operation. Taking hydrogen fuel from the tube solves the problem of vehicular hydrogen storage, a major challenge of contemporary hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. The foundation of the feasibility analysis is extrapolation of aerodynamic properties of a mid-sized turboprop airliner, the Bombardier Dash 8 Q400RKB-1&_mathId=mml15&_user=1067359&_cdi=5729&_rdoc=4&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=c9126a92ce359281c335f7f84b96a11c" title="Click to view the MathML source" alt="Click to view the MathML source">™. Based on the aerodynamic analysis, I estimate that the hydrogen tube vehicle would require 2.0 MW of power to run at 1500 km/h, which is supersonic with respect to air. It would require 2.64 h to travel from New York City to Los Angeles, consuming 2330 L of onboard LOX and producing 2990 L of liquid water during the trip. Part of the feasibility analysis shows that it is possible to package the corresponding fuel-cell stacks, LOX systems, and water holding tanks in the tube vehicle. The greatest technical challenge is levitation by aerostatic hydrogen bearings. Risk of fire or detonation within the tube, similar to that of existing large natural-gas pipelines, is expected to be manageable and acceptable.