The scope of the problem is global and covers both accidental contamination (where education, standards development and certification, and infrastructure investment would help with prevention efforts), and intentional contamination (fraud and economic adulteration), for which monitoring, traceability, and information sharing might discourage opportunism. A number of examples are cited, and advice for the way forward includes approaches at the global, national, and local levels. Recommendations include: improved local enforcement; private certification of suppliers; monitoring; traceability; education; information sharing at all levels; expanding both public-sector and private use of risk analysis; expanding the reach of the European Union rapid alert system; improved communication and oversight (including border inspection); and maintaining strong private accountability for contamination.