On the other hand, in industrialized countries, vitamin A may be associated with sub-toxic effects due to its accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, it is now generally well agreed that the upper limit intake could be decreased for the elderly despite the known osteoporosis risk in the elderly and the fact that they are known to manifest impaired vitamin A metabolism. In parallel, the new roles of vitamin A in preventive nutrition against neurodegenerative diseases have recently increased the interest in supplementation via functional food or food supplements. This, associated with the increasingly frequent intake of vitamin A in food supplement or enriched food (i.e. with encapsulated vitamin A), leads us to the recommendation that more caution is necessary in the development of food strategies using vitamin A encapsulation, in industrialized countries.