The Beck Depression Inventory and General Health Questionnaire as measures of depression in the general population: A validation study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview as the gold standard

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• 作者：Anna-Mari Aalto^a ; ^{anna-mari.aalto@thl.fi} ; Marko Elovainio^a ; Mika Kivimä ; ki^b ; Antti Uutela^a ; Sami Pirkola^c
• 关键词：BDI ; GHQ-12 ; CIDI ; Short-form scales ; Differential validity ; Criterion validity ; Population sample
• 刊名：Psychiatry Research
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：225_01651781
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：15 May, 2012
• 卷：197
• 期：1-2
• 页码：163-171
• 文件大小：230 K

摘要

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) are commonly used in population studies as measures of depression. We examined in a population sample the validity of four scales for depressive symptoms, the GHQ-12, the 21- and 13-item versions of the BDI, and a new 6-item version of the BDI developed for this study. A total of 5561 participants in the 鈥淗ealth 2000鈥?survey (30-79 years) completed the four scales and were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), which was used as the validation criterion. We selected items for the BDI-6 through an exploratory factor analysis for the BDI-21. The accuracy of the scales, including the BDI-6, was satisfactory (c-statistics 0.88-0.92 for depression within the past 2 weeks and 0.80-0.83 within the past 12 months) and slightly better for men (0.92-0.96 and 0.85-0.87) than for women (0.86-0.88 and 0.78-0.79). Higher scores in all the scales were associated with more severe depression and more recent depressive episodes. This study suggests that various versions of the BDI and the GHQ-12 are useful in detecting depressive disorders in the general population. Even the 6-item version of the BDI showed acceptable criterion validity, although replication in an independent dataset is needed to confirm its validity.