Dust, biomass burning smoke, and anthropogenic aerosol detected by polarization-sensitive Mie lidar measurements in Mongolia

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• 作者：Dulam Jugder^a ; ^b ; ^{jugderd@yahoo.com} ; Nobuo Sugimoto^c ; Masato Shinoda^b ; Reiji Kimura^b ; Ichiro Matsui^c ; Masataka Nishikawa^c
• 关键词：Dust storm ; Dust event ; Threshold wind ; Dust vertical profile ; Dust concentration ; Particulate matter ; PM10 ; PM2.5 ; Dust layer ; Elevated dust transport ; Gobi Desert ; Biomass burning smoke ; Anthropogenic aerosol ; Mie lidar extinction coefficient
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：11_13522310
• 类别：env
• 出版时间：July, 2012
• 卷：54
• 期：Complete
• 页码：231-241
• 文件大小：3009 K

摘要

Polarization-sensitive Mie-scattering lidars were installed for dust storm monitoring at Sainshand and Zamyn-Uud in the Gobi Desert and at the Mongolian capital city of Ulaanbaatar in 2007. We studied the temporal and spatial distributions and transportation of dust, elevated dust, biomass burning smoke, and anthropogenic aerosol by using lidar measurements from the end of 2007 to the first half of 2010. The study results show that the maximum height of dust layers over the Gobi Desert of Mongolia during dust event periods varied from 0.5 to 5.5聽km above the ground level (AGL). The 95th percentile level of dust vertical distribution was found at 4 and 4.5聽km for Zamyn-Uud and Sainshand, respectively. The averaged maximum height of dust layers during dust events was 2.0-2.2聽km AGL at those Gobi sites. The lidar measurements also revealed transport of dust layers elevated in the atmosphere. Base heights of elevated dust layers varied from 0.5 to 2.5聽km AGL, while maximum heights from 2.5 to 4.5聽km AGL. Backward air trajectory analyses suggested source areas of the elevated dust that transported from other source regions to southeastern Mongolia. A detail study was conducted of the dust event in 19-20 May 2008. Hourly maximum dust concentrations of PM₁₀ (PM_2.5) reached 1139-1409 (384-404)聽渭g聽m^鈭? during the dust event episode. Dust concentration of PM₁₀ had high correlations with visibilities. Threshold winds for dust emission were determined at Sainshand and Zamyn-Uud. The lidar measurements at the three聽sites detected vertical profiles of biomass burning smoke and anthropogenic aerosol with top heights of 3-4聽km AGL.