Literature was searched using the PubMed database between the year 1966 and 2011, with principle key terms such as 鈥淪ilver Nitrate鈥? 鈥淪ilver Fluoride鈥? 鈥淪ilver Diammine Fluoride鈥? 鈥淪ilver compounds鈥?and 鈥淒ental caries鈥? Hand searching was performed for relevant papers cited in the indices back to the year 1905.
In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence have demonstrated that silver compounds are viable agents for preventing and arresting caries both in the primary and permanent dentition; however they are associated with adverse tooth discolouration and some reports that pulp irritation may occur. Further research has investigated its effectiveness as a dentine desensitiser, root canal disinfectant and even in silver impregnated restorative materials. The mode of action of silver compounds on carious tooth tissues is thought to include inhibition of the demineralization process, as well as an anti-bacterial effect by interference of bacterial cell membranes, cytoplasmic enzymes and inhibition of bacterial DNA replication.
Silver compounds have been shown to be an effective anti-caries agent; however, there is an incomplete understanding of how silver compounds prevent caries. Further research is required to help identify its most efficacious use and limitations.