Malaria's deadly secret: a skin stage

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• 作者：D. Lys Guilbride¹ ; ^{lys@malariaresearchfoundation.com} ; ^{lys@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de} ; Patrick D.L. Guilbride² ; Pawel Gawlinski³
• 关键词：revised dogma ; lifecycle ; skin stage ; antigen depot ; immunomodulation ; bite exposure ; vaccine roadblock
• 刊名：Trends in Parasitology
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：87_14714922
• 类别：imm
• 出版时间：April, 2012
• 卷：28
• 期：4
• 页码：142-150
• 文件大小：556 K

摘要

The role skin plays in malaria infection has long been overlooked. Recent analysis, however, suggests skin-infecting sporozoites initiate rapid suppression of immunity, establishing early tolerance to subsequent lifecycle stages. This explains susceptibility to reinfection by mosquito bite, independent of blood stage-induced immunosuppression or semi-immunity. Vaccine trials corroborate skin-initiated immunosubversion due to skin-infecting forms, tightly correlating bite pre-exposure, live parasites in the skin and endemic vaccine failure. Rapidly advancing skin immunobiology and recently described parasite development in host skin further substantiate the proposed model, consolidating a new concept in parasite biology, exemplified by malaria: natural infection has a defined, potently immunosubversive skin stage, crucially affecting vaccine function and vitally relevant to eradication.