Evaluation of an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating antineoplastics in clinical wastewater
- 作者：Toyohide Kobayashi ; Jun Hirose ; Kouichi Sano ; Naoki Hiro ; Yoshio Ijiri ; Hiroya Takiuchi ; Hiroshi Tamai ; Hiroshi Takenaka ; Kazuhiko Tanaka ; Takashi Nakano
- 关键词：Antineoplastics ; Cytotoxicity ; Sodium hypochlorite ; Environmental load
- 刊名：Chemosphere
- 出版年：2008
- 期刊代码：15_00456535
- 类别：env
- 出版时间：June 2008
- 卷：72
- 期：4
- 页码：659-665
- 文件大小：138 K
摘要
We recently reported a system for inactivating antineoplastics in which sodium hypochlorite is supplied by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. In this study, we designed an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating the cytotoxicity of antineoplastics in clinical wastewater using the system. The apparatus consists of an electrolysis cell with platinum–iridium electrodes, a pool tank, a circulating system for wastewater, a safety system for explosive gas and overflow, and an exhaust duct. The free chlorine concentration increased linearly up to 6500 mg l−1, and pH also increased to 9.0–10.0 within 2 h, when 0.9%sodium chloride solution was electrolyzed. We examined its efficacy with model and clinical wastewaters. The reciprocal of dilution factor for disappearance of cytotoxicity using Molt-4 cells was compared before and after electrolysis. In the model wastewater, that was 9.10 × 104 before electrolysis, and 3.56 × 102 after 2 h of electrolysis. In the clinical wastewater (n = 26), that was 6.90 × 103–1.02 × 106 before electrolysis, and 1.08 × 102–1.45 × 104 after 2 h of electrolysis. Poisonous and explosive gases released by the electrolysis were measured; however, they were found to be negligible in terms of safety. The environmental load was evaluated by carbon dioxide generation as an index and it was found that the carbon dioxide generated by the electrolysis method was 1/70 lower than that by the dilution method with tap water. Moreover, the cost of the electrolysis method was 1/170 lower than that of the dilution method. This method was found to be both effective and economically valuable.