The combination of use wear analyses on lithic assemblages, palaeontological data and the presence of a quern-stone is considered direct and indirect proof of economic practices of production in the Neolithic sites of Atxoste and Mendandia. We also discuss the role that in this picture is suggested by a recent study on the genetics of the bovids from Mendandia. Both sites are rock-shelters seasonally occupied where the main economic vectors, but not the only ones, are hunting activities: they are integrated in a network created during the Mesolithic but still in use during the Early Neolithic until the mid sixth millennium cal BC when information on farming accumulates in the territory.