A justice-theoretic approach to the distribution of transportation benefits: Implications for transportation planning practice in the United States

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• 作者：Karel Martens^a ; ^{K.Martens@fm.ru.nl} ; Aaron Golub^b ; ¹ ; ^{Aaron.Golub@asu.edu} ; Glenn Robinson^c ; ² ; ^{Glenn.Robinson@morgan.edu}
• 关键词：Justice ; Equity ; Access ; Walzer ; Rawls
• 刊名：Transportation Research Part A ; Policy and Practice
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：33_09658564
• 类别：dec
• 出版时间：May, 2012
• 卷：46
• 期：4
• 页码：684-695
• 文件大小：285 K

摘要

Transportation improvements inevitably lead to an uneven distribution of user benefits, in space and by network type (private and public transport). This paper makes a moral argument for what would be a fair distribution of these benefits. The argument follows Walzer鈥檚 鈥淪pheres of Justice鈥?approach to define the benefits of transportation, access, as a sphere deserving a separate, non-market driven, distribution. That distribution, we propose, is one where the maximum gap between the lowest and highest accessibility, both by mode and in space, should be limited, while attempting to maximize average access. We then review transportation planning practice for a priori distributional goals and find little explicit guidance in conventional and even justice-oriented transportation planning and analyses. We end with a discussion of the implications for practice.