The balance in the production and release of cytokines 鈥淭h1/Th2鈥?or 鈥淭h17鈥?or 鈥渞egulatory T鈥?is one of the key events in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Specifically, the Th2聽cytokine response, characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-10聽and TGF-尾, leads to tissue fibrosis in patients with SSc. Many studies have shown the importance of analyzing the levels of cytokines as diagnostic or prognostic markers in the blood or in situ in patients with SSc. The restoration of the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg balance will contribute to the effectiveness of treatment and the use of cytokine modulators may therefore be considered in developing new therapeutic approaches.