WITHDRAWN: Peripheral mGluR5 antagonist attenuated craniofacial muscle pain and inflammation but not mGluR1 antagonist in lightly anesthetized rats
- 作者：Ho Jeong Lee ; Hyo Soon Choi ; Jin Sook Ju ; Yong Chul Bae ; Sung Kyo Kim ; Young Wook Yoon ; Dong Kuk Ahn
- 关键词：Adolescents ; Risk-taking ; Social neuroscience ; Reward-seeking ; Self-regulation ; Prefrontal cortex ; Peer influence ; Decision making ; Dopamine ; Oxytocin ; Brain development
- 刊名：Brain Research Bulletin
- 出版年：2008
- 期刊代码：9_03619230
- 类别：neu
- 出版时间：15 May 2008
- 卷：76
- 期：1-2
- 页码：8-15
- 文件大小：676 K
摘要
This article proposes a framework for theory and research on risk-taking that is informed by developmental neuroscience. Two fundamental questions motivate this review. First, why does risk-taking increase between childhood and adolescence? Second, why does risk-taking decline between adolescence and adulthood? Risk-taking increases between childhood and adolescence as a result of changes around the time of puberty in the brain’s socio-emotional system leading to increased reward-seeking, especially in the presence of peers, fueled mainly by a dramatic remodeling of the brain’s dopaminergic system. Risk-taking declines between adolescence and adulthood because of changes in the brain’s cognitive control system—changes which improve individuals’ capacity for self-regulation. These changes occur across adolescence and young adulthood and are seen in structural and functional changes within the prefrontal cortex and its connections to other brain regions. The differing timetables of these changes make mid-adolescence a time of heightened vulnerability to risky and reckless behavior.