Nomenclature and genetic relationships of apples and pears from Terceira Island
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- 作者：Nahla Bassil ; Kim E. Hummer ; Joseph D. Postman ; Gennaro Fazio ; Angela Baldo ; Isabel Armas and Roger Williams
- 关键词：Apple ; European pear ; Malus domestica ; Microsatellite markers ; Pears ; Pyrus communis ; Simple sequence repeat (SSR)
- 刊名：Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
- 出版时间：May, 2009
- 出版年：2009
- 期刊代码：57_09259864
- 类别：bio
- 卷：56
- 期：3
- 页码：339-352
- 数据来源：sp
摘要
Heritage apple (Malus domestica Borkh. hybrids) and pear (Pyrus communis L. hybrid) trees grow in villages throughout Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. Some of these pears have different names but similar morphology. The objective of this study was to determine synonymy, homology, and phylogeny of apples and pears from Terceira and to examine potential relationships of the island pears with standard apples and pears of Portuguese or American descent. Nine apple microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic relationships. Distance- and parsimony-based cluster analysis grouped these genotypes into separate apple and pear clades. The Terceira apples were divided into two clades: the ma莽ā and the reineta-reinette. Among the 17 heritage apple genotypes, seven unique accessions were identified and four groups of synonyms, or possibly clones, were detected including: ‘Reineta Agosto’ and ‘Reineta Verde’ from Altares; ‘Reineta Castanha’ and ‘Reineta Verde Miuda’; ‘Ma莽ā P锚ra,’ ‘Ma莽ā Calhau’, ‘P锚ro Branco’ from Salga and from Terra-Chā and ‘Ma莽ā Marmelo’; and the five genotypes ‘Ma莽ā Sao Joao’, ‘Mal谩pio Rosa’, ‘Ma莽ā Gaspar’, ‘Ma莽ā Branca’ and ‘Ma莽ā Pato’. In addition, two homonyms were detected. ‘P锚ro Vermelho’ from Terra Chā was a separate genotype from a tree from Doze Ribeiras of the same name, but P锚ro Branco from Terra Chā appears to be a clone that can be distinguished by an additional allele at CH1F07a from a tree with that name from Salga. One pair of apple clones, ‘Reineta Agosto’ and ‘Reineta Verde’ from Altares appear to be derived from an unreduced gamete of ‘Golden Delicious.’ Another apple genotype ‘Ma莽ā Acida’ could be a sibling of the ‘Ma莽ā P锚ra’ clonal group. Other tested standard apples from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Of the seven heritage pears, five unique genotypes and one pair of synonyms were detected. ‘P锚ra Papo Pintassilgo’ from Raminho and ‘P锚ra Vermelha’ from the nursery of Servi莽o de Desenvolvimento Agario da Terceira (SDAT) were synonyms. ‘Passans du Portugal’ was related to ‘P锚ra Cabaca’ but other standard pears from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Future studies will include additional apple and pear cultivars from other Islands of the Azores and continental Portugal, and wild Asian species to further explore genetic relationships.