Linkages among trait-mediated indirect effects: a new framework for the indirect interaction web
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- 作者：Shunsuke Utsumi ; Yoshino Ando and Takeshi Miki
- 关键词：Biodiversity ; Community structure ; Complexity ; Herbivore ; induced plant response ; Plant– ; insect interaction ; Plant ; mediated indirect effect
- 刊名：Population Ecology
- 出版时间：October 2010
- 出版年：2010
- 期刊代码：121_1438-3896
- 类别：ear
- 卷：52
- 期：4
- 页码：485-497
- 数据来源：sp
摘要
Plants have diverse ways of responding to damage by herbivores, such as changes in allelochemistry, physiology, morphology, growth, and phenology. These responses form the mechanistic basis for trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) between organisms on the plants. There is a growing appreciation that such TMIIs form complex networks (i.e., indirect interaction webs) in terrestrial plant-associated arthropod communities. Almost all previous studies have had the same framework: examining trait-mediated indirect effects within a single interactive unit consisting of one initiator of herbivore, a host plant as a mediator, and one receiver [trait-mediated indirect interaction unit (TMIU)]. However, this framework is too simple to understand the dynamics of the indirect interaction web. Recent studies suggest that there is a wide variety of interactions among TMIUs within a community, which may largely affect the outcomes of indirect effects in each unit. Here, we review recent advance in studies of trait-mediated indirect effects in plant-associated arthropod communities and explore the mechanisms of linkages among TMIUs. Then, we argue the importance of examining linkages among TMIUs as a new framework for future studies on the indirect interaction web. Finally, we propose the hypothesis that linkages among TMIUs contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity.