Genotype聽脳聽environment interaction is weaker in genitalia than in mating signals and body traits in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)
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- 作者：Rafael L. Rodr铆guez (1) rafa@uwm.edu
Nooria Al-Wathiqui (12) - 关键词：Developmental plasticity – ; Maintenance of genetic variation – ; Phytophagous insect
- 刊名：Genetica
- 出版时间：July 2011
- 出版年：2011
- 期刊代码：28_00166707
- 类别：ear
- 卷：139
- 期：7
- 页码：871-884
- 数据来源：sp
摘要
Theory predicts that selection acting across environments should erode genetic variation in reaction norms; i.e., selection should weaken genotype 脳 environment interaction (G 脳 E). In spite of this expectation, G 脳 E is often detected in fitness-related traits. It thus appears that G 脳 E is at least sometimes sustained under selection, a possibility that highlights the need for theory that can account for variation in the presence and strength of G 脳 E. We tested the hypothesis that trait differences in developmental architecture contribute to variation in the expression of G 脳 E. Specifically, we assessed the influence of canalization (robustness to genetic or environmental perturbations) and condition-dependence (association between trait expression and prior resource acquisition or vital cellular processes). We compared G 脳 E across three trait types expected to differ in canalization and condition-dependence: mating signals, body size-related traits, and genitalia. Because genitalia are expected to show the least condition-dependence and the most canalization, they should express weaker G 脳 E than the other trait types. Our study species was a member of the Enchenopa binotata species complex of treehoppers. We found significant G 脳 E in most traits; G 脳 E was strongest in signals and body traits, and weakest in genitalia. These results support the hypothesis that trait differences in developmental architecture (canalization and condition-dependence) contribute to variation in the expression of G 脳 E. We discuss implications for the dynamics of sexual selection on different trait types.