3BER反应器极板面积和布置形式对脱氮效果的影响
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摘要
为提高三维电极生物膜工艺(3BER)脱氮效率及出水水质,通过增大极板面积、减少极板间距、改变电极布置形式,构建了新型三维电极生物膜反应器(3BER-NC)用于城市污水厂尾水深度脱氮处理,研究了电流、进水p H和ρ(C)/ρ(N)对其运行效果的影响,并分析了系统中反硝化菌群分布特征.研究结果表明:减少极板间距能减缓碳棒阳极电解,出水色度低,能在较高的电流下运行,3BER-NC最佳运行电流为200 m A,比3BER反应器高出100m A.增大极板面积和改变极板位置分布有利于反硝化反应的进行,TN平均去除率提高约37.74%.电流强度、进水p H和ρ(C)/ρ(N)对系统脱氮效果均有较大影响,在不同运行条件下3BER-NC体系的脱氮效率均优于3BER.在3BER-NC体系中β变形菌起主导作用,脱氮主要是由异养和自养反硝化菌共同作用的结果.
In order to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and effluent quality of the threedimensional electrode biofilm process( 3BER),a new designed 3BER-NC process through expanding the area of electrode plate,reducing the electrode space and changing the electrode arrangement was applied and the effect of current,influent p H and ρ( C) / ρ( N) on the performance and denitrifying bacteria in system were studied in deep denitrification of the tail water from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.The research results showed that the 3BER-NC operated with an optimal current at 200 m A,which was100 m A higher than that of 3BER. Because of its shorter electrode space,the 3BER-NC can slow down the carbon electrolysis and effluent color. Furthermore,the enlargement of electrode plate and the change of electrode position distribution of the 3BER-NC improved the TN removal rate to 86. 45%,which was37. 74% higher than that of 3BER. The current intensity,influent p H and ρ( C) / ρ( N) had great influence on the nitrogen removal at different current and the nitrogen removal efficiency of 3BER-NC was better than 3BER. In the nitrogen removal system of the 3BER-NC,the β-proteobacteria played a leadingrole with a joint action of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
In order to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and effluent quality of the threedimensional electrode biofilm process( 3BER),a new designed 3BER-NC process through expanding the area of electrode plate,reducing the electrode space and changing the electrode arrangement was applied and the effect of current,influent p H and ρ( C) / ρ( N) on the performance and denitrifying bacteria in system were studied in deep denitrification of the tail water from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.The research results showed that the 3BER-NC operated with an optimal current at 200 m A,which was100 m A higher than that of 3BER. Because of its shorter electrode space,the 3BER-NC can slow down the carbon electrolysis and effluent color. Furthermore,the enlargement of electrode plate and the change of electrode position distribution of the 3BER-NC improved the TN removal rate to 86. 45%,which was37. 74% higher than that of 3BER. The current intensity,influent p H and ρ( C) / ρ( N) had great influence on the nitrogen removal at different current and the nitrogen removal efficiency of 3BER-NC was better than 3BER. In the nitrogen removal system of the 3BER-NC,the β-proteobacteria played a leadingrole with a joint action of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
引文
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[14]HAYES A M,FLORA J R V,KHAN J.Electrolytic stimulation of denitrification in sand columns[J].Water Research,1998,32(9):2830-2834.
[15]QAMBRANI N A,JUNG S H,OK Y S,et al.Nitratecontaminated groundwater remediation by combined autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification for sulfate and p H control:batch tests[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(12):9084-9091.
[16]姚静华,赵国智,田光明,等.复三维电极-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的试验研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1333-1341.YAO J H,ZHAO G Z,TIAN G M,et al.Nitrate removal from drinking water by three-dimensional biofilmeletrode reactor[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(6):1333-1341.(in Chinese)
[17]李夕耀,王淑莹,郭春艳.聚磷菌在不同碳源下的反硝化研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(10):2958-2962.LI X Y,WANG S Y,GUO C Y.Capacity of denitrification by polyphosphate accumulating organism at different electron donors[J].Enivironmental Science,2009,30(10):2958-2962.(in Chinese)
[18]MARTIN H G,IVANOVA N,KUNIN V,et al.Metagenomic analysis of two enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)sludge communities[J].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(10):1263-1269.
[19]KIM J M,LEE H J,KIM S Y,et al.Analysis of the fine scale population structure of“Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis”in enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge,using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometric[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(12):3825-3835.
[20]COATES J D,CHAKRABORTY R,LACK J G,et al.Anaerobic benzene oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in pure culture by two strains of Dechloromonas[J].Nature,2001,411(6841):1039-1043.
[21]毛跃建.废水处理系统中重要功能类群Thauera属种群结构与功能的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.MAO Y J.Structural and functional anslysis of Thauera genus in wastewater treatment plants[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[22]SHINODA Y,SAKAI Y,UENISHI H,et al.Aerobic and anaerobic toluene degradation by a newly isolated denitrifying bacterium,Thauera sp.strain DNT-1[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(3):1385-1392.
[23]HAO R X,LI S M,LI J B,et al.Water quality assessment for wastewater reclamation using principal component analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Informatics,2013,21(1):45-54.
[24]WANG H,ZHOU Y,YUAN Q,et al.Bacteria morphology and diversity of the combined autotrophic nitritation and sulfur-carbon three-dimensional-electrode denitrification process[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2014,49(1):39-51.
[25]孟成成,郝瑞霞,王建超.3BER-S耦合脱氮系统运行特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2817-2823.MENG C C,HAO R X,WANG J C.Study on the performance for a coupled denitrifying system of threedimensional biofilm-electrode and sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2817-282.(in Chinese)
[26]MECHICHI T,STACKEBRANDT E,FUCHS G.Alicycliphilus denitrificans gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a cyclohexanol-degrading,nitrate-reducing betaproteobacterium.[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2003,53:147-152.
[27]孟成成.基于分子生物学技术的三维电极生物膜与硫自养耦合脱氮工艺研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2014.MENG C C.Study on the couple three-dimensional biofilm-electrode and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system based on molecular biological techniques[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[2]ZHOU M,FU W,GU H,et al.Nitrate removal from groundwater by a novel three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007,52(19):6052-6059.
[3]GHAFARI S,HASAN M,AROUA M K.Bioelectrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater—a review[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(10):3965-3974.
[4]赵国智,李文红,田光明,等.电极生物膜法脱除地下水中硝酸盐氮的影响因素研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2012,39(6):659-665.ZHAO G Z,LI W H,TIAN G M,et al.Study of influential elements on nitrate remoral from simulated ground water by biofilm electrode reactor[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2012,39(6):659-665.(in Chinese)
[5]BRAKER G,ZHOU J Z,WU L Y,et al.Nitrite reductase genes(nir K and nir S)as functional markers to investigate diversity of denitrifying bacteria in Pacific northwest marine sediment communities[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2000,66(5):2096-2104.
[6]ZAFIRIADIS I,NTOUGIAS S,NIKOLAIDIS C,et al.Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms population and nitrite reductase gene diversity shift in a DEPHANOX-type activated sludge system fed with municipal wastewater[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2011,111(2):185-192.
[7]郝瑞霞,孟成成,王建超.三维电极生物膜-硫自养耦合脱氮系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(11):1722-1729,1740.HAO R X,MENG C C,WANG J C.Study of denitrifying bacteria in three-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactor and sulfur autotrophic coupled denitrification system[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2014,40(11):1722-1729,1740.(in Chinese)
[8]曲久辉,范彬,刘锁祥,等.电解产氢自养反硝化去除地下水中硝酸盐氮的研究[J].环境科学,2001,22(6):49-52.QU J H,FAN B,LIU S X,et al.Autotrophic denitrification of groundwater by electrochemical process[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(6):49-52.(in Chinese)
[9]WANG Y R.Theory,experiment of enhancing biological denitrificatioin efficiency for the wastewater[J].J Environ Prot Petroche Ind,1995,93:1-5.
[10]吴未红.电极-生物膜法在废水反硝化脱氮处理中的研究与应用[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005.WU W H.The research on bio-electrode process and its application in the denitrification of wastewater[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2005.(in Chinese)
[11]庞朝晖,刘迎云,刘文碧.温度和电流对电极生物膜反硝化效果的影响[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,21(2):60-63.PANG Z H,LIU Y Y,LIU W B.The effect of tenperature and current on ratio biofilm-electrode denitrification[J].Jornal of University of South China(Science and Technology),2007,21(2):60-63.(in Chinese)
[12]刘晓,黄显怀,金文标.电极-生物膜法在生物脱氮处理中的潜力[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(3):57-59.LIU X,HUANG X H,JIN W B.Potential of biofilmelectrode process in biological nitrogen removal[J].Industrial Water&Wastewater,2006,37(3):57-59.(in Chinese)
[13]PROSNANSKY M,SAKAKIBARA Y,KURODA M.High-rate denitrification and SS rejection by biofilmelectrode reactor(BER)combined with microfiltration[J].Water Research,2002,36(19):4801-4810.
[14]HAYES A M,FLORA J R V,KHAN J.Electrolytic stimulation of denitrification in sand columns[J].Water Research,1998,32(9):2830-2834.
[15]QAMBRANI N A,JUNG S H,OK Y S,et al.Nitratecontaminated groundwater remediation by combined autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification for sulfate and p H control:batch tests[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(12):9084-9091.
[16]姚静华,赵国智,田光明,等.复三维电极-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的试验研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1333-1341.YAO J H,ZHAO G Z,TIAN G M,et al.Nitrate removal from drinking water by three-dimensional biofilmeletrode reactor[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(6):1333-1341.(in Chinese)
[17]李夕耀,王淑莹,郭春艳.聚磷菌在不同碳源下的反硝化研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(10):2958-2962.LI X Y,WANG S Y,GUO C Y.Capacity of denitrification by polyphosphate accumulating organism at different electron donors[J].Enivironmental Science,2009,30(10):2958-2962.(in Chinese)
[18]MARTIN H G,IVANOVA N,KUNIN V,et al.Metagenomic analysis of two enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)sludge communities[J].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(10):1263-1269.
[19]KIM J M,LEE H J,KIM S Y,et al.Analysis of the fine scale population structure of“Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis”in enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge,using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometric[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(12):3825-3835.
[20]COATES J D,CHAKRABORTY R,LACK J G,et al.Anaerobic benzene oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in pure culture by two strains of Dechloromonas[J].Nature,2001,411(6841):1039-1043.
[21]毛跃建.废水处理系统中重要功能类群Thauera属种群结构与功能的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.MAO Y J.Structural and functional anslysis of Thauera genus in wastewater treatment plants[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[22]SHINODA Y,SAKAI Y,UENISHI H,et al.Aerobic and anaerobic toluene degradation by a newly isolated denitrifying bacterium,Thauera sp.strain DNT-1[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(3):1385-1392.
[23]HAO R X,LI S M,LI J B,et al.Water quality assessment for wastewater reclamation using principal component analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Informatics,2013,21(1):45-54.
[24]WANG H,ZHOU Y,YUAN Q,et al.Bacteria morphology and diversity of the combined autotrophic nitritation and sulfur-carbon three-dimensional-electrode denitrification process[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2014,49(1):39-51.
[25]孟成成,郝瑞霞,王建超.3BER-S耦合脱氮系统运行特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2817-2823.MENG C C,HAO R X,WANG J C.Study on the performance for a coupled denitrifying system of threedimensional biofilm-electrode and sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2817-282.(in Chinese)
[26]MECHICHI T,STACKEBRANDT E,FUCHS G.Alicycliphilus denitrificans gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a cyclohexanol-degrading,nitrate-reducing betaproteobacterium.[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2003,53:147-152.
[27]孟成成.基于分子生物学技术的三维电极生物膜与硫自养耦合脱氮工艺研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2014.MENG C C.Study on the couple three-dimensional biofilm-electrode and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system based on molecular biological techniques[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)