火电机组冷端系统邻机互联改造
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摘要
针对已经投运的火电机组,设置管道和阀门实现邻机冷端系统互联,充分利用邻机调停备用机组的冷端系统(自然通风冷却塔、空冷塔、空冷岛)以降低运行机组背压,在改动量较小的条件下达到进一步降低机组能耗的目的。本文以600 MW等级机组的湿冷系统、表凝式间接空冷系统和直接空冷系统3种冷端形式为例,概述了冷端系统邻机互联的技术方案,并计算分析了邻机互联改造后机组额定负荷下的节能效果。结果表明:环境空气湿球温度22.5℃时湿冷机组背压下降0.9 k Pa;环境空气干球温度33℃时表凝式间接空冷机组背压下降9.57 k Pa;环境空气干球温度33℃时直接空冷机组背压下降5.55 k Pa。该结果可为火电机组降低背压、实现节能降耗提供参考。
Neighbour inter-connection on cold end system for the operating units was carried out by setting corresponding pipes and valves, and then the cooling equipments of outage unit, such as natural ventilation cooling tower, air cooling tower and air cooling condenser, were fully utilized by the operating unit, therefore the cooling capacity was enhanced and the back-pressure decreased. Taking the three typical kinds of cold end system such as wet cooling system, indirect air-cooling system and direct air-cooling system for 600 MW units as the example, technical scheme for neighbour inter-connection on cold end system was summarized and the energy conservation effect of operating unit under rated load was obtained. The results show that, after the neighbour cold end system inter-connection, the unit back-pressure decreased by 0.9 k Pa at ambient air wet-bulb temperature of 22.5 ℃ for wet cooling system, by 9.57 k Pa at ambient air dry-bulb temperature of 33 ℃ for indirect air-cooling system, and by 5.55 k Pa at ambient air dry-bulb temperature of 33 ℃ for direct air-cooling system. The results can provide references for reducing back pressure and realizing energy saving for thermal power units.
Neighbour inter-connection on cold end system for the operating units was carried out by setting corresponding pipes and valves, and then the cooling equipments of outage unit, such as natural ventilation cooling tower, air cooling tower and air cooling condenser, were fully utilized by the operating unit, therefore the cooling capacity was enhanced and the back-pressure decreased. Taking the three typical kinds of cold end system such as wet cooling system, indirect air-cooling system and direct air-cooling system for 600 MW units as the example, technical scheme for neighbour inter-connection on cold end system was summarized and the energy conservation effect of operating unit under rated load was obtained. The results show that, after the neighbour cold end system inter-connection, the unit back-pressure decreased by 0.9 k Pa at ambient air wet-bulb temperature of 22.5 ℃ for wet cooling system, by 9.57 k Pa at ambient air dry-bulb temperature of 33 ℃ for indirect air-cooling system, and by 5.55 k Pa at ambient air dry-bulb temperature of 33 ℃ for direct air-cooling system. The results can provide references for reducing back pressure and realizing energy saving for thermal power units.
引文
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[19]周兰欣,杨靖,杨祥.600 MW直接空冷机组变工况特性的研究[J].动力工程,2007,27(2):165-168.ZHOU Lanxin,YANG Jing,YANG Xiang.Study on characteristics of 600 MW directly air cooled units under variable operating conditions[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2007,27(2):165-168.
[2]邱丽霞,郝艳红,李润林,等.直接空冷汽轮机及其热力系统[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006:1-9.QIU Lixia,HAO Yanhong,LI Runlin,et al.Direct aircooling steam turbine and its thermal system[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006:1-9(in Chinese).
[3]戴振会,孙奉仲,王宏国.国内外直接空冷系统的发展及现状[J].电站系统工程,2009,25(3):1-4.DAI Zhenhui,SUN Fengzhong,WANG Hongguo.Present status and development of direct air-cooling unit in the world[J].Power System Engineering,2009,25(3):1-4.
[4]马义伟.发电厂空冷技术的现状与进展[J].电力设备,2006,7(3):5-7.MA Yiwei.Present status and prospect of utility air cooling technology[J].Electrical Equipment,2006,7(3):5-7.
[5]王文忠,刘振华,梁志福,等.600 MW直接空冷机组夏季限负荷的原因及解决措施[J].中国电力,2008,41(1):56-59.WANG Wenzhong,LIU Zhenhua,LIANG Zhifu,et al.Causes and countermeasures for the load limit in summer for 600 MW direct air-cooling units[J].Electric Power,2008,41(1):56-59.
[6]石全成,韩小刚.北方炎热地区火电直接空冷机组度夏能力分析[J].华电技术,2011,33(11):28-34.SHI Quancheng,HAN Xiaogang.Analysis on ability to spend summer of direct air-cooled thermal power unit in north burning hot area[J].Huadian Technology,2011,33(11):28-34.
[7]王金平,安连锁.直接空冷机组夏季度夏措施及发展趋势[J].山东电力技术,2010(4):45-48.WANG Jinping,AN Liansuo.Measures and development of summer operation of directed air cooling unit[J].Shandong Electric Power,2010(4):45-48.
[8]黄凯,彭滨,吴文忠.600 MW机组循环水系统一机双塔运行方式研究[J].湖南电力,2011,31(增刊1):63-65.HUANG Kai,PENG Bin,WU Wenzhong.Study on circulating water system of twin towers machine operation mode of 600 MW unit[J].Hunan Electric Power,2011,31(Suppl.1):63-65(in Chinese).
[9]王东扬.直接空冷机组空冷凝汽器的热态清洗试验技术探讨[J].科技展望,2015(9):114-115.WANG Dongyang.Test and research on hot-cleaning of direct air-cooling condensers[J].Technology Outlook,2015(9):114-115(in Chinese).
[10]王玺,丁振宇.直接空冷机组喷淋降温装置热控应用的探讨[J].宁夏电力,2011(6):32-34.WANG Xi,DING Zhenyu.Discussion on the thermal control of the spray cooling device for direct air-cooling units[J].Ningxia Electric Power,2011(6):32-34.
[11]范志强.喷雾冷却系统对空冷岛换热性能影响的研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2010:1-11.FAN Zhiqiang.Study on impacts of air-cooling island’s heat transfer performance caused by spray cooling system[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2010:1-11.
[12]马庆中,张龙英.直接空冷凝结器尖峰冷却系统的研究与应用[J].山西电力,2007(增刊1):55-57.MA Qingzhong,ZHANG Longying.Application and research on peak cooling system for direct air-cooling condenser[J].Shanxi Electric Power,2007(Suppl.1):55-57(in Chinese).
[13]吕凯,彭兆春,刘文华,等.板式蒸发式凝汽器在3 0 0 M W直接空冷机组中的应用[J].热力发电,2015,44(10):77-81.LYU Kai,PENG Zhaochun,LIU Wenhua,et al.Application of plate evaporative condenser on a 300 MWdirect air-cooling unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2015,44(10):77-81.
[15]吕凯,陈胜利,荆涛,等.蒸发冷却技术在600 MW机组直接空冷系统上的应用[J].热力发电,2016,45(8):58-62.LYU Kai,CHEN Shengli,JING Tao,et al.Application of evaporative condensing technique on condenser of a direct air-cooling 600 MW unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2016,45(8):58-62.
[16]吕凯,雷彦荣,彭鹏,等.间接空冷机组冷端系统节能改造方案[J].热力发电,2016,45(12):90-94.LYU Kai,LEI Yanrong,PENG Peng,et al.Study on energy-saving reconstruction plans for cold end system of indirect air cooling unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2016,45(12):90-94.
[17]严俊杰,张春雨,李秀云,等.直接空冷系统变工况特性的理论研究[J].热能动力工程,2000,15(6):601-604.YAN Junjie,ZHANG Chunyu,LI Xiuyun,et al.Theoretical study on variable condition characteristics of direct air cooling system[J].Thermal Power Engineering,2000,15(6):601-604.
[18]李高潮,朱宝田,陈胜利,等.空冷机组直接空冷系统变工况特性的计算分析[J].热力发电,2008,37(10):80-84.LI Gaochao,ZHU Baotian,CHEN Shengli,et al.Calculation and analysis of variable condition characteristics of direct air cooling system in air cooling unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2008,37(10):80-84.
[19]周兰欣,杨靖,杨祥.600 MW直接空冷机组变工况特性的研究[J].动力工程,2007,27(2):165-168.ZHOU Lanxin,YANG Jing,YANG Xiang.Study on characteristics of 600 MW directly air cooled units under variable operating conditions[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2007,27(2):165-168.