心理虐待与忽视对青少年攻击行为的影响:道德推脱的中介与调节作用
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摘要
在一般攻击模型(GAM)和个体—环境交互作用模型的视角下,采用儿童心理虐待与忽视量表、青少年道德推脱问卷和攻击行为问卷对696名青少年进行调查,以探讨心理虐待与忽视对青少年攻击行为的影响以及道德推脱在其中的作用机制。结果发现:(1)心理虐待与忽视与青少年攻击行为和道德推脱均呈显著正相关,道德推脱与青少年攻击行为也呈显著正相关;(2)道德推脱在心理虐待与忽视和青少年攻击行为之间起着部分中介作用,道德推脱的中介作用不存在性别差异,但存在显著的年龄差异,在初中组中,道德推脱在心理虐待与忽视和青少年攻击行为间的中介作用为部分中介,而在高中组中为完全中介;(3)道德推脱在心理虐待与忽视和青少年攻击行为之间的调节作用不显著,道德推脱的调节作用不存在年龄差异,但存在显著的性别差异,在男生组中,道德推脱在心理虐待与忽视和青少年攻击行为间的调节作用不显著,而在女生组中显著。
Based on the General Aggression Model( GAM) and individual-contex model,the present study examined the association between psychological abuse and neglect and adolescent'aggression behavior,as well as the role of moral disengagement. A sample of 696 adolescents completed the Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale,Adolescent Moral Disengagement Scale and Aggressive Behavior Scale. Results revealed that:( 1) Psychological abuse and neglect was positively correlated with aggressive behavior and moral disengagement,and moral disengagement was also positively correlated with aggressive behavior.( 2) Moral disengagement played a partially mediating role in the association between psychological abuse and neglect and aggressive behavior; No significant gender difference in the mediating effect was observed,but significant age difference was observed. Moral disengagement played a partially mediating role among middle school students,and played a fully mediating role among high school students.( 3) The moderating role of moral disengagement in the association between psychological abuse and neglect and aggressive behavior was insignificant. Significant gender difference in the moderating role was found,but significant age difference was not observed. The moderating role of moral disengagement was insignificant among male students,but significant among female students.
Based on the General Aggression Model( GAM) and individual-contex model,the present study examined the association between psychological abuse and neglect and adolescent'aggression behavior,as well as the role of moral disengagement. A sample of 696 adolescents completed the Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale,Adolescent Moral Disengagement Scale and Aggressive Behavior Scale. Results revealed that:( 1) Psychological abuse and neglect was positively correlated with aggressive behavior and moral disengagement,and moral disengagement was also positively correlated with aggressive behavior.( 2) Moral disengagement played a partially mediating role in the association between psychological abuse and neglect and aggressive behavior; No significant gender difference in the mediating effect was observed,but significant age difference was observed. Moral disengagement played a partially mediating role among middle school students,and played a fully mediating role among high school students.( 3) The moderating role of moral disengagement in the association between psychological abuse and neglect and aggressive behavior was insignificant. Significant gender difference in the moderating role was found,but significant age difference was not observed. The moderating role of moral disengagement was insignificant among male students,but significant among female students.
引文
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Gini,G.,Pozzoli,T.,&Bussey,K.(2015b).Moral disengagement moderates the link between psychopathic traits and aggressive behavior among early adolescents.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,61(1),51-67.
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Hardy,S.A.,Bean,D.S.,&Olsen,J.A.(2015).Moral identity and adolescent prosocial and antisocial behaviors:Interactions with moral disengagement and self-regulation.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,44(8),1542-1554.
Hodgdon,H.B.(2009).Child maltreatment and aggression:The mediating role of moral disengagement,emotion regulation,and emotional callousness among juvenile offenders.Unpublished doctorial dissertation.Temple University.
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Kabasakala,Z.,&Bas,A.U.(2010).A research on some variables regarding the frequency of violent and aggressive behaviors among elementary school students and their families.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2(2),582-586.
Kabour,M.M.(2007).The impact of child abuse and neglect on aggression and the role of gender on the abuse-aggression relationship.Unpublished doctorial dissertation.Pacific Graduate School of Psychology.
Koenig,A.L.,Cicchetti,D.,&Rogosch,F.A.(2004).Moral development:The association between maltreatment and young children’s prosocial behaviors and moral trangressions.Social Development,13(1),87-106.
Kokkinos,C.M.,Voulgaridou,I.,&Markos,A.(2016).Personality and relational aggression:Moral disengagement and friendship quality as mediators.Personality and Individual Differences,95,74-79.
Kokkinos,C.M.,Voulgaridou,I.,Mandrali,M.,&Parousidou,C.(2016).Interactive links between relational aggression,theory of mind,and moral disengagement among early adolescents.Psychology in the Schools,53(3),253-269.
Lake,S.,Wood,E.,Dong,H.,Dobrer,S.,Montaner,J.,&Kerr,T.(2015).The impact of childhood emotional abuse on violence among people who inject drugs.Drug and Alcohol Review,34(1),4-9.
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Maguire,E.,Macdonald,A.,Krill,S.,Holowka,D.W.,Marx,B.P.,Woodward,H.,et al.(2015).Examining trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in court-mandated intimate partner violence perpetrators.Psychological Trauma:Theory,Research,Practice,and Policy,7(5),473-478.
Milletich,R.J.,Kelley,M.L.,Doane,A.N.,&Pearson,M.R.(2010).Exposure to interparental violence and childhood physical and emotional abuse as related to physical aggression in undergraduate dating relationships.Journal of Family Violence,25(7),627-637.
Moore,C.(2015).Moral disengagement.Current Opinion in Psychology,6,199-204.
Ogunfowora,B.,&Bourdage,J.S.(2014).Does Honesty-Humility influence evaluations of leadership emergence?the mediating role of moral disengagement.Personality&Individual Differences,56(1),95-99.
Paciello,M.,Fida,R.,Tramontano,C.,Lupinetti,C.,&Caprara,G.V.(2008).Stability and change of moral disengagement and its impact on aggression and violence in late adolescence.Child Development,79(5),1288-1309.
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Samnani,A.K.,Salamon,S.D.,&Singh,P.(2014).Negative affect and counterproductive workplace behavior:The moderating role of moral disengagement and gender.Journal of Business ethics,119(2),235-244.
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Bandura,A.,Barbaranelli,C.,Caprara,G.V.,&Pastorelli,C.(1996).Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71(2),364-374.
Barchia,K.,&Bussey,K.(2011).Individual and collective social cognitive influences on peer aggression:Exploring the contribution of aggression efficacy,moral disengagement,and collective efficacy.Aggressive Behavior,37(2),107-120.
Barsky.A.(2011).Investigating the effects of moral disengagement and participation on unethical work behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,104(1),59-75.
Buss,A.H.,&Perry,M.(1992).The aggression questionnaire.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,63(3),452-459.
Calvete,E.,Orue,I.,Estévez,A.,Villardón,L.,&Padilla,P.(2010).Cyberbullying in adolescents:Modalities and aggressors’profile.Computers in Human Behavior,26(5),1128-1135.
Caravita,S.S.,Gini,G.,&Pozzoli,T.(2012).Main and moderated effects of moral cognition and status on bullying and defending.Aggressive Behavior,38(6),456-468.
Egan,V.,Hughes,N.,&Palmer,E.J.(2015).Moral disengagement,the dark triad,and unethical consumer attitudes.Personality&Individual Differences,76(76),123-128.
Flores,E.,Cicchetti,D.,&Rogosch,F.A.(2005).Predictors of resilience in maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children.Developmental Psychology,41(2),338-351.
Ford,J.D.,Chapman,J.,Connor,D.F.,&Cruise,K.R.(2012).Complex trauma and aggression in secure juvenile justice settings.Criminal Justice and Behavior,39(6),694-724.
Garay,F.R.,Carrasco,M.A.,&Amor,P.J.(2016).Aggression,anger and hostility:Evaluation of moral disengagement as a mediational process.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,57(2),129-135.
Gini,G.,&Pozzoli,T.(2013).Bullied children and psychosomatic problems:a meta-analysis.Pediatrics,132(4),720-729.
Gini,G.,Pozzoli,T.,&Bussey,K.(2015a).The role of individual and collective moral disengagement in peer aggression and bystanding:A multilevel analysis.Journal of abnormal child psychology.43(3),441-452.
Gini,G.,Pozzoli,T.,&Bussey,K.(2015b).Moral disengagement moderates the link between psychopathic traits and aggressive behavior among early adolescents.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,61(1),51-67.
Gini,G.,Pozzoli,T.,&Hymel,S.(2014).Moral disengagement among children and youth:A meta-analytic review of links to aggressive behavior.Aggressive Behavior,40(1),56-68.
Gini,G.,Pozzoli,T.,Vieno,A.,&Lenzi,M.(2014).Bullying victimization at school and headache:A meta-analysis of observational studies.Headache:The Journal of Head and Face Pain,54(6),976-986.
Gordis,E.B.,Feres,N.,Olezeski,C.L.,Rabkin,A.N.,&Trickett,P.K.(2010).Skin conductance reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia among maltreated and comparison youth:Relations with aggressive behavior.Journal of Pediatric Psychology,35(5),547-558.
Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger,E.(2015).Moral disengagement and aggression:comments on the special issue.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,61(1),192-211.
Hardy,S.A.,Bean,D.S.,&Olsen,J.A.(2015).Moral identity and adolescent prosocial and antisocial behaviors:Interactions with moral disengagement and self-regulation.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,44(8),1542-1554.
Hodgdon,H.B.(2009).Child maltreatment and aggression:The mediating role of moral disengagement,emotion regulation,and emotional callousness among juvenile offenders.Unpublished doctorial dissertation.Temple University.
Hoeve,M.,Colins,O.F.,Mulder,E.A.,Loeber,R.,Geert,J.S.,&Robert,R.V.(2015).The association between childhood maltreatment,mental health problems,and aggression in justice-involved boys.Aggressive Behavior,41(5),488-501.
Holmes,M.R.(2013).Aggressive behavior of children exposed to intimate partner violence:An examination of maternal mental health,maternal warmth and child maltreatment.Child Abuse&Neglect,37(8),520-530.
Hyde,L.W.,Shaw,D.S.,&Moilanen,K.L.(2010).Developmental precursors of moral disengagement and the role of moral disengagement in the development of antisocial behavior.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,38(2),197-209.
Kabasakala,Z.,&Bas,A.U.(2010).A research on some variables regarding the frequency of violent and aggressive behaviors among elementary school students and their families.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2(2),582-586.
Kabour,M.M.(2007).The impact of child abuse and neglect on aggression and the role of gender on the abuse-aggression relationship.Unpublished doctorial dissertation.Pacific Graduate School of Psychology.
Koenig,A.L.,Cicchetti,D.,&Rogosch,F.A.(2004).Moral development:The association between maltreatment and young children’s prosocial behaviors and moral trangressions.Social Development,13(1),87-106.
Kokkinos,C.M.,Voulgaridou,I.,&Markos,A.(2016).Personality and relational aggression:Moral disengagement and friendship quality as mediators.Personality and Individual Differences,95,74-79.
Kokkinos,C.M.,Voulgaridou,I.,Mandrali,M.,&Parousidou,C.(2016).Interactive links between relational aggression,theory of mind,and moral disengagement among early adolescents.Psychology in the Schools,53(3),253-269.
Lake,S.,Wood,E.,Dong,H.,Dobrer,S.,Montaner,J.,&Kerr,T.(2015).The impact of childhood emotional abuse on violence among people who inject drugs.Drug and Alcohol Review,34(1),4-9.
LaM otte,A.D.,Taft,C.T.,&Weatherill,R.P.(2016).Mistrust of others as a mediator of the relationship between trauma exposure and use of partner aggression.Psychological Trauma:Theory,Research,Practice,and Policy,8(4),535-540.
Lerner,R.M.,Lerner,J.V.,Almerigi,J.,&Theokas,C.(2006).Dynamics of individual←→context relations in human development:Adevelopmental systems perspective.In J.C.Thomas,D.L.Segal,M.Hersen,J.C.Thomas,D.L.Segal,&M.Hersen(Eds.),Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology,Vol.1:Personality and everyday functioning(pp.23-43).Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons Inc.
Li,J.B.,Nie,Y.G.,Boardley,I.D.,Situ,Q.M.,&Dou.K.(2014).Moral disengagement moderates the predicted effect of trait self-control on self-reported aggression.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,17(4),312-318.
Maguire,E.,Macdonald,A.,Krill,S.,Holowka,D.W.,Marx,B.P.,Woodward,H.,et al.(2015).Examining trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in court-mandated intimate partner violence perpetrators.Psychological Trauma:Theory,Research,Practice,and Policy,7(5),473-478.
Milletich,R.J.,Kelley,M.L.,Doane,A.N.,&Pearson,M.R.(2010).Exposure to interparental violence and childhood physical and emotional abuse as related to physical aggression in undergraduate dating relationships.Journal of Family Violence,25(7),627-637.
Moore,C.(2015).Moral disengagement.Current Opinion in Psychology,6,199-204.
Ogunfowora,B.,&Bourdage,J.S.(2014).Does Honesty-Humility influence evaluations of leadership emergence?the mediating role of moral disengagement.Personality&Individual Differences,56(1),95-99.
Paciello,M.,Fida,R.,Tramontano,C.,Lupinetti,C.,&Caprara,G.V.(2008).Stability and change of moral disengagement and its impact on aggression and violence in late adolescence.Child Development,79(5),1288-1309.
Podsakoff,P.M.,MacK enzie,S.B.,Lee,J.Y.,&Podsakoff,N.P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5),879-903.
Reynolds,S.J.,Dang,C.T.,Yam,K.C.,&Leavitt,K.(2014).The role of moral knowledge in everyday immorality:what does it matter if I know what is right?Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,123(2),124-137.
Ribeaud,D.,&Eisner,S.M.(2010).Are moral disengagement,neutralization techniques,and self-serving cognitive distortions the same?Developing a unified scale of moral neutralization of aggression.International Journal of Conflict and Violence,4(2),298-315.
Samnani,A.K.,Salamon,S.D.,&Singh,P.(2014).Negative affect and counterproductive workplace behavior:The moderating role of moral disengagement and gender.Journal of Business ethics,119(2),235-244.
Shu,L.L.,Gino,F.,&Bazerman,M.H.(2011).Dishonest deed,clear conscience:when cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting.Personality&Social Psychology Bulletin,37(3),330-349.
Shulman,E.P.,Cauffman,E.,Piquero,A.R.,&Fagan,J.(2011).Moral disengagement among serious juvenile offenders:Alongitudinal study of the relations between morally disengaged attitudes and offending.Developmental Psychology,47(6),1619-1632.
Smetana,J.G.,&Kelly,M.(1989).Social cognition in maltreated children.In D.Cicchetti and V.Carlson(Eds.)Child maltreatment:Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.620-646.
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