气凝胶玻璃的K-SC模型与动态传热模型对比分析
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摘要
建立了气凝胶玻璃的光学模型及动态传热模型,将该模型计算值与传统的K-SC模型计算值,以及实测值进行对比分析。结果表明:动态传热模型的太阳辐射得热量和各层玻璃温度的模拟值均与实测值吻合度较高,实验验证了该模型的准确性。而K-SC模型的太阳辐射得热量模拟值与实测值之间白天的平均相对误差为34.9%,高估了通过气凝胶玻璃的太阳辐射得热,而且K-SC模型无法计算得到各层玻璃的温度,这既对K-SC模型模拟值与实测值的对比有影响,也不利于分析气凝胶玻璃的传热特性。此外,应用两种模型对气凝胶玻璃在各气候区典型城市各朝向上的累计室内得热量进行了模拟分析,结果表明:K-SC模型的计算值偏大,这会导致在用K-SC模型来评价气凝胶玻璃的节能潜力时:供暖期预估的采暖能耗偏低,高估了气凝胶玻璃的节能潜力;空调期预估的空调能耗偏高,低估了气凝胶玻璃的节能潜力,这将不利于气凝胶玻璃的推广和应用。
The optical and dynamic heat transfer models of aerogel glazing system have been developed, and the calculation results of dynamic heat transfer model have been compared with the results of K-SC model and experimental results. It indicates that the calculation results of dynamic heat transfer model are in good agreement with experimental results, which means the dynamic heat transfer model is of good accuracy. And the mean relative error of solar heat gain between the calculation results of K-SC model and experimental results is 34.9%, the K-SC model has overestimated the solar heat gain through aerogel glazing system. Besides the temperature of each glass pane can't be calculated by K-SC model, which not only influences the temperature comparison between the results of K-SC model and experimental results, but also is unfavorable to precisely analyze the heat transfer characteristics of aerogel glazing system. The dynamic heat transfer model and K-SC model have been applied to calculate the cumulative indoor heat gain of aerogel glazing system in different orientations for the typical city of each climate zone. The simulation results indicate that the cumulative indoor heat gain calculated by K-SC model is larger than that by dynamic heat transfer model. This means when applying K-SC model to evaluate the energy saving potential of aerogel glazing system, the energy saving potential is overestimated in heating season since the predicted heating load is lower than the required, and it is underestimated in cooling season since the predicted cooling load is higher than the required. This will be negative to the promotion and application of aerogel glazing system.
The optical and dynamic heat transfer models of aerogel glazing system have been developed, and the calculation results of dynamic heat transfer model have been compared with the results of K-SC model and experimental results. It indicates that the calculation results of dynamic heat transfer model are in good agreement with experimental results, which means the dynamic heat transfer model is of good accuracy. And the mean relative error of solar heat gain between the calculation results of K-SC model and experimental results is 34.9%, the K-SC model has overestimated the solar heat gain through aerogel glazing system. Besides the temperature of each glass pane can't be calculated by K-SC model, which not only influences the temperature comparison between the results of K-SC model and experimental results, but also is unfavorable to precisely analyze the heat transfer characteristics of aerogel glazing system. The dynamic heat transfer model and K-SC model have been applied to calculate the cumulative indoor heat gain of aerogel glazing system in different orientations for the typical city of each climate zone. The simulation results indicate that the cumulative indoor heat gain calculated by K-SC model is larger than that by dynamic heat transfer model. This means when applying K-SC model to evaluate the energy saving potential of aerogel glazing system, the energy saving potential is overestimated in heating season since the predicted heating load is lower than the required, and it is underestimated in cooling season since the predicted cooling load is higher than the required. This will be negative to the promotion and application of aerogel glazing system.
引文
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[2] Berardi U. The development of a monolithic aerogel glazed window for an energy retrofitting project[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 154: 603-615
[3] Wang Huan, Wu Huijun, Ding Yunfei, et al. Feasibility and optimization of aerogel glazing system for building energy efficiency in different climate zones[J]. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2015, 10(4): 412-419
[4] 冯晶琛,丁云飞,吴会军.不同类型玻璃在北京地区的节能研究[J].建筑节能,2012,40(255): 50-54
[5] Cotana F, Pisello A L, Moretti E, et al. Multipurpose characterization of glazing systems with silica aerogel: In-field experimental analysis of thermal-energy, lighting and acoustic performance[J]. Building & Environment,2014,81(7):92-102
[6] 周娟. 建筑围护结构动态传热模拟方法的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2012
[7] 吴军翟. 夏热冬冷地区双层玻璃幕墙热工性能模型分析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013
[8] 章熙民,任泽霈. 传热学[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
[9] 江亿. 建筑环境系统模拟分析设计方法—DeST[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[10] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. JGJ/T151—2008建筑门窗玻璃幕墙热工程计算规程[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2009:58-65
[11] Liu Yang, Chen Youming, Li Yupeng, et al. Solar extinction coefficient of silica aerogel calculated through integral model and experimental data[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2017, 205:1253-1258
[12] Henning S, Svensson L. Production of silica aerogel[J]. Physica Scripta, 1981, 23: 697-702
[13] 刘森元,黄远锋. 天空有效温度的探讨[J]. 太阳能学报, 1983,(1):65-70
[14] 张慧玲. 建筑节能气候适应性的时域划分研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009