走向太空的焊接技术
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摘要
国内目前正在紧锣密鼓地开展空间站建设工作。国外空间站建设的经验表明,空间在轨制造技术是保证空间站长期有效运行的重要手段之一。焊接作为空间在轨制造技术的重要组成部分,早已随着人类探索宇宙空间的步伐走向太空。文中通过大量文献分析和综述,概述了国外太空焊接技术的发展历程以及国内太空焊接技术的研究现状,分析了中国与发达国家的差距,对国内空间焊接技术未来的发展方向提出了建议,为中国进一步开展空间在轨焊接技术的研究提供了重要参考。
China is now working intensively on the construction of a space station. The experience of the construction of space station at abroad shows that the space in-orbit manufacturing technology is one of the important means to ensure the long-term effective operation of space station.Welding,as an important part of in-orbit manufacturing technology in space,has gone into space with the pace of human exploration of space.Through a lot of literature analysis and overview,the development course of space welding technology at abroad and the research status of space welding technology in China were summarized,the gap between China and developed countries were analyzed,and some suggestions were proposed for the future development direction of space welding technology in China. It provides an important reference for further research on space in-orbit welding technology in China.
China is now working intensively on the construction of a space station. The experience of the construction of space station at abroad shows that the space in-orbit manufacturing technology is one of the important means to ensure the long-term effective operation of space station.Welding,as an important part of in-orbit manufacturing technology in space,has gone into space with the pace of human exploration of space.Through a lot of literature analysis and overview,the development course of space welding technology at abroad and the research status of space welding technology in China were summarized,the gap between China and developed countries were analyzed,and some suggestions were proposed for the future development direction of space welding technology in China. It provides an important reference for further research on space in-orbit welding technology in China.
引文
[1]吴林,冯吉才,高洪明,等.空间焊接技术[J].航空制造技术,2005(5):32-35.
[2]Rule W K.Design of a welded joint for robotic on-orbit assembly of space trusses:NASA N93-17326[R].NASACenter for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1993.
[3]Paton P E,Lapchinsky V F.Welding in space and related technologies[M].Cambridge International Science Publishing,Cambridge,UK,1997.
[4]Nawnann R J,Mason E D.Summaries of early materials processing in space experiments:NASA N79-33226[R].NASACenter for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1979.
[5]Nunes A C,Russell C,Bhat B,et al.An assessment of molten metal detachment hazards for electron beam welding in the space environment:analysis and test results:NASA/TM1998-207979[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1998.
[6]Bunton P H.Particulate electron beam weld emission hazards in space:NASA N96-27472[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1996.
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[9]Robert M,Brice B,Mary H M,et al.The space applications industrial laser system[C].CSTAR Third Annual Technical Symposium,Tullahoma,US,1996:137-149.
[10]Workman G L,Kaukler W F.Laser welding in space[C].Welding in Space and the Construction of Space Vehicles by Welding,New Carrollton,US,1991:318-334.
[11]冯吉才,王厚勤,张秉刚,等.空间焊接技术研究现状及展望[J].焊接学报.2015,36(6):107-112
[12]Suita Y,Tsukuda Y,Terajima N,et al.Gas hollow tungsten arc welding experiments in aircraft-borne simulated space environment[J].Welding International,2001,15(2):100-107.
[13]Suita Y,Matsushita K,Terajima N,et al.Arc initiation phenomena by space GHTA welding process using touch start technique in a vacuum[J].Welding International,2006,20(9):707-712.
[14]Nishikawa H,Yoshida K,Oji T,et al.Fundamental characteristics of gas hollow tungsten arc at low pressure[J].Welding International,2001,15(2):108-114.
[15]Shobako S,Ota M,Oji T.Characteristics of an arc column in a hollow cathode arc[J].Welding International,2006,20(2):111-115.
[16]Nogi K,Aoki Y,Fujii H,et al.Behavior of bubbles in weld under microgravity[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(12):4405-4413.
[17]Flom Y.Brazing in space:enabling the next frontier[J].Welding Journal,2005,84(10):25-29.
[18]Grugel R N,Cotton L J,SegrèP N,et al.The in-space soldering investigation(ISSI):melting and solidification experiments aboard the international space station[C].44th AIAA Aero-space Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,Nevada,US,2006:1-8.
[19]Flom Y.Electron beam brazing of titanium for construction in space[J].Welding Journal,2007,86(1):33-37.
[20]Erdmann J F,Louis H,Wiedemeier I.Rock excavation with high speed water jets:a view on drilling and cutting results of rock materials in relation to their fracture mechanical behaviour[J].Siemens Power Engineering,1980:105-118.
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[22]Prater T.Welding in space:a comparative evaluation and candidate welding technologies and lessons learned from onorbit experiments[C].64th International Astro-nautical Congress,Beijing,China,2013.
[23]熊延龄.世界最大的日本地下微重力实验中心[J].中国航天,1994(12):14-15
[24]Russell C K,Malone T W,Cato S N.Evaluation of training samples manually welded with the universal hand tool in a space simulation chamber:NASA/TM-2004-213172[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,2004.
[25]于喜海,陈金盾,孙海龙,等.失重模拟技术的发展及其比较研究[J].环模技术,1998(2):22-28.
[26]Koshti A M.Considerations for ultrasonic testing application for on-orbit NDE[C].Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials,Aerospace,and Civil Infrastructure 2015,California,US,2015.
[27]郭光耀,韩瑞清.各国空间电子束焊接技术的发展[J].现代制造,2009(33):24-25,29.
[28]王德.空间用电子束焊枪电聚焦系统的设计[J].甘肃科技,2010,26(23):67-69.
[29]曾如川,刘战捷,韦寿祺,等.一种用于空间在轨焊接的手持式电子束焊接电源:201510859823.4[P].2015-11-30.
[30]许辉,封小松,徐奎.铝合金空间热辅助搅拌摩擦焊技术[J].载人航天,2016,22(3):308-312.
[31]李鹏,郭立杰,赵维刚,等.手持式双功能旋转摩擦焊接装置及焊接方法:201510803669.9[P].2015-11-20.
[32]Zhang X Q,Yuan L G,Wu W D,et al.Some key technics of drop tower experiment device of National Microgravity Laboratory[J].Science China,2005,48(3):305-316.
[33]罗兴宏,陈亮.利用落管研究微重力环境对中低熔点合金凝固过程的影响[J].中国科学(E辑:技术科学),2008,38(1):1-8.
[34]郑阔海,杨生胜,李存惠,等.航天器无损检测方法:201310714258.3[P].2013-12-20.
[35]郑阔海,杨生胜,李存惠,等.航天器无损检测传感器及无损检测系统:201310711809.0[P].2013-12-20.
[36]刘慧,刘战捷.空间无损检测技术评述[J].航天器环境工程,2015,32(1):108-113.
[2]Rule W K.Design of a welded joint for robotic on-orbit assembly of space trusses:NASA N93-17326[R].NASACenter for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1993.
[3]Paton P E,Lapchinsky V F.Welding in space and related technologies[M].Cambridge International Science Publishing,Cambridge,UK,1997.
[4]Nawnann R J,Mason E D.Summaries of early materials processing in space experiments:NASA N79-33226[R].NASACenter for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1979.
[5]Nunes A C,Russell C,Bhat B,et al.An assessment of molten metal detachment hazards for electron beam welding in the space environment:analysis and test results:NASA/TM1998-207979[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1998.
[6]Bunton P H.Particulate electron beam weld emission hazards in space:NASA N96-27472[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1996.
[7]Nunes A C,Russell C,Vaughn J,et al.Assessment of corona/arcing hazard for electron beam welding in space shuttle bay at LEO for ISWE:test results:NASA/TM-108525[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1996.
[8]Nunes A C,Russell C K,Zimmerman F R,et al.Low-pressure gas effects on the potency of an electron beam against ceramic cloth:NASA/TM 1999-209762[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,1999.
[9]Robert M,Brice B,Mary H M,et al.The space applications industrial laser system[C].CSTAR Third Annual Technical Symposium,Tullahoma,US,1996:137-149.
[10]Workman G L,Kaukler W F.Laser welding in space[C].Welding in Space and the Construction of Space Vehicles by Welding,New Carrollton,US,1991:318-334.
[11]冯吉才,王厚勤,张秉刚,等.空间焊接技术研究现状及展望[J].焊接学报.2015,36(6):107-112
[12]Suita Y,Tsukuda Y,Terajima N,et al.Gas hollow tungsten arc welding experiments in aircraft-borne simulated space environment[J].Welding International,2001,15(2):100-107.
[13]Suita Y,Matsushita K,Terajima N,et al.Arc initiation phenomena by space GHTA welding process using touch start technique in a vacuum[J].Welding International,2006,20(9):707-712.
[14]Nishikawa H,Yoshida K,Oji T,et al.Fundamental characteristics of gas hollow tungsten arc at low pressure[J].Welding International,2001,15(2):108-114.
[15]Shobako S,Ota M,Oji T.Characteristics of an arc column in a hollow cathode arc[J].Welding International,2006,20(2):111-115.
[16]Nogi K,Aoki Y,Fujii H,et al.Behavior of bubbles in weld under microgravity[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(12):4405-4413.
[17]Flom Y.Brazing in space:enabling the next frontier[J].Welding Journal,2005,84(10):25-29.
[18]Grugel R N,Cotton L J,SegrèP N,et al.The in-space soldering investigation(ISSI):melting and solidification experiments aboard the international space station[C].44th AIAA Aero-space Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,Nevada,US,2006:1-8.
[19]Flom Y.Electron beam brazing of titanium for construction in space[J].Welding Journal,2007,86(1):33-37.
[20]Erdmann J F,Louis H,Wiedemeier I.Rock excavation with high speed water jets:a view on drilling and cutting results of rock materials in relation to their fracture mechanical behaviour[J].Siemens Power Engineering,1980:105-118.
[21]Ding J,Carter B,Lawless K,et al.A decade of friction stir welding R&D at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and a glance into the future:NASA 20080009619[R].NASACenter for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,2008.
[22]Prater T.Welding in space:a comparative evaluation and candidate welding technologies and lessons learned from onorbit experiments[C].64th International Astro-nautical Congress,Beijing,China,2013.
[23]熊延龄.世界最大的日本地下微重力实验中心[J].中国航天,1994(12):14-15
[24]Russell C K,Malone T W,Cato S N.Evaluation of training samples manually welded with the universal hand tool in a space simulation chamber:NASA/TM-2004-213172[R].NASA Center for Aerospace Information,Linthicum,US,2004.
[25]于喜海,陈金盾,孙海龙,等.失重模拟技术的发展及其比较研究[J].环模技术,1998(2):22-28.
[26]Koshti A M.Considerations for ultrasonic testing application for on-orbit NDE[C].Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials,Aerospace,and Civil Infrastructure 2015,California,US,2015.
[27]郭光耀,韩瑞清.各国空间电子束焊接技术的发展[J].现代制造,2009(33):24-25,29.
[28]王德.空间用电子束焊枪电聚焦系统的设计[J].甘肃科技,2010,26(23):67-69.
[29]曾如川,刘战捷,韦寿祺,等.一种用于空间在轨焊接的手持式电子束焊接电源:201510859823.4[P].2015-11-30.
[30]许辉,封小松,徐奎.铝合金空间热辅助搅拌摩擦焊技术[J].载人航天,2016,22(3):308-312.
[31]李鹏,郭立杰,赵维刚,等.手持式双功能旋转摩擦焊接装置及焊接方法:201510803669.9[P].2015-11-20.
[32]Zhang X Q,Yuan L G,Wu W D,et al.Some key technics of drop tower experiment device of National Microgravity Laboratory[J].Science China,2005,48(3):305-316.
[33]罗兴宏,陈亮.利用落管研究微重力环境对中低熔点合金凝固过程的影响[J].中国科学(E辑:技术科学),2008,38(1):1-8.
[34]郑阔海,杨生胜,李存惠,等.航天器无损检测方法:201310714258.3[P].2013-12-20.
[35]郑阔海,杨生胜,李存惠,等.航天器无损检测传感器及无损检测系统:201310711809.0[P].2013-12-20.
[36]刘慧,刘战捷.空间无损检测技术评述[J].航天器环境工程,2015,32(1):108-113.