系统软件新洞察
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摘要
系统软件是计算学科的基本概念之一,从系统软件的本质特征、时代特点和发展趋势这3个方面给出了关于系统软件的新洞察.洞察1认为,通用图灵机和存储程序思想是系统软件的理论源头和技术源头,其本质特征是"操纵计算系统执行",编码加载和执行管控是两种主要的操纵方式.洞察2认为,系统软件在互联网时代的时代特点是持续在线提供基础服务,为"软件即服务"的新型应用模式奠定了基础.洞察3认为,系统软件的发展趋势是持续在线演化,在计算系统创新、信息物理融合和智能技术的推动下,将成为未来软件生态的核心.
This paper presents several new insights into system software, which is one of the basic concepts in computing discipline,from three perspectives of essential features, characteristics of the times, and the future development trend. The first insight is that system software stems theoretically and technically from universal Turing machine and the idea of stored-program, with an essential feature of"manipulating the execution of a computing system". There are two typical manipulation modes: encoding and then loading, executing and controlling. The second insight is that software system is a kind of software, in the Internet age, providing substantial online services continuously, which lay the foundation for the newly emerged "software-as-a-service" paradigm. The final insight is about its development trend: system software will evolve online continuously. Driven by innovations of computing systems, integration of cyber and physical spaces, and intelligence technologies, system software will become the core of future software ecology.
This paper presents several new insights into system software, which is one of the basic concepts in computing discipline,from three perspectives of essential features, characteristics of the times, and the future development trend. The first insight is that system software stems theoretically and technically from universal Turing machine and the idea of stored-program, with an essential feature of"manipulating the execution of a computing system". There are two typical manipulation modes: encoding and then loading, executing and controlling. The second insight is that software system is a kind of software, in the Internet age, providing substantial online services continuously, which lay the foundation for the newly emerged "software-as-a-service" paradigm. The final insight is about its development trend: system software will evolve online continuously. Driven by innovations of computing systems, integration of cyber and physical spaces, and intelligence technologies, system software will become the core of future software ecology.
引文
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[22] Wang HM, Wu WJ, Mao XJ, Ding B, Guo CG, Li W. Growing construction and adaptive evolution of complex software system.Science China:Information Sciences, 2014,44(6):743-761(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23] Birrell AD, Nelson BJ. Implementing remote procedure calls. ACM Trans. on Computer Systems(TOCS), 1984,2(1):39-59.
[24] Emmerich W, Aoyama M, Sventek J. The impact of research on the development of middleware technology. ACM Trans. on Software Engineering and Methodology(TOSEM), 2008,17(4):19.
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[26] Schmidt M, Hutchison B, Lambros P, et al. The enterprise service bus:Making service-oriented architecture real. IBM Systems Journal, 2005,44(4):781-797.
[27] Dragoni N, Giallorenzo S, Lafuente AL, et al. Microservices:Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. In:Proc. of the Present and Ulterior Software Engineering. Springer-Verlag, 2017. 195-216.
[28] Armbrust M, Fox A, Griffith R, et al. A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 2010,53(4):50-58.
[29] Mell P, Grance T. The NIST definition of cloud computing(draft). NIST Special Publication, 2011,800:145.
[30] Lu X, Wang H, Wang J, et al. Internet-Based virtual computing environment:Beyond the data center as a computer. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2013,29(1):309-322.
[31] Llyod's. Cloud Down:Impacts on the US Economy. Llyod's, 2018.
[32] Israeli A, Feitelson DG. The Linux kernel as a case study in software evolution. Journal of Systems and Software, 2010,83(3):485-501.
[33] Hall M, Padua D, Pingali K. Compiler research:The next 50 years. Communications of the ACM, 2009,52(2):60-67.
[34] Wang H, Shi P, Zhang Y. Jointcloud:A cross-cloud cooperation architecture for integrated Internet service customization. In:Proc.of the 37th IEEE Int'l Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems. IEEE, 2017. 1846-1855.
[35] Maximilien EM, Ranabahu A, Engehausen R, et al. IBM altocumulus:A cross-cloud middleware and platform. In:Proc. of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN Conf. on Companion on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications. ACM Press, 2009.805-806.
[36] Munteanu VI, Sandru C, Petcu D. Multi-Cloud resource management:Cloud service interfacing. Journal of Cloud Computing, 2014,3(1):3.
[37] Httermann M. DevOps for Developers. Apress, 2012.
[38] Pei D, Zhang SL, Pei CH. AIOps based on machine learning. Communications of CCCF, 2017,13(12):68-72(in Chinese with English abstract).
[39] Ding B, Wang HM, Shi DX. Constructing software with self-adaptabilit. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2013,24(9):1981-2000(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4432.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04432]
[40] Wang M, Cao J, Li J, et al. Middleware for wireless sensor networks:A survey. Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2008,23(3):305-326.
[41] Baldauf M, Dustdar S, Rosenberg F. A survey on context-aware systems. Int'l Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2007,2(4):263-277.
[42] Wu QY. Network computing middleware. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2013,24(1):67-76(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4296.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04296]
[43] Elkady A, Sobh T. Robotics middleware:A comprehensive literature survey and attribute-based bibliography. Journal of Robotics,2012.
[44] Quigley M, Conley K, Gerkey B, et al. ROS:An open-source robot operating system. In:Proc. of the ICRA Workshop on Open Source Software. Kobe, 2009. 5.
[45] Mei H, Guo Y. Toward ubiquitous operating systems:A software-defined perspective. Computer, 2018,51(1):50-56.
[46] Ding B, Wang HM, Shi DX. Pervasive middleware technology. Journal of Computer Science and Frontiers, 2007,1(3):241-254(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]梅宏,黄罡,曹东刚.从软件研究者的视角认识“软件定义”.中国计算机学会通讯,2015,11(1):68-71.
[22]王怀民,吴文峻,毛新军,丁博,郭长国,李未.复杂软件系统的成长性构造与适应性演化.中国科学:信息科学,2014,44(6):743-761.
[38]裴丹,张圣林,裴昶华.基于机器学习的智能运维.中国计算机学会通讯,2017,13(12):68-72.
[39]丁博,王怀民,史殿习.构造具备自适应能力的软件.软件学报,2013,24(9):1981-2000.http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4432.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04432]
[42]吴泉源.网络计算中间件.软件学报,2013,24(1):67-76. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4296.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04296]
[46]丁博,王怀民,史殿习.普适计算中间件技术.计算机科学与探索,2007,1(3):241-254.
[2] Lawton G. Moving the OS to the Web. Computer, 2008,41(3):16-19.
[3] Mei H, Huang G, Cao DG, et al. Perspectives on “software-defined” from software researchers. Communications of CCCF, 2015,11(1):68-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4] Burks AW. From ENIAC to the stored-program computer:Two revolutions in computers. In:A History of Computing in the 20th Century. Elsevier, 1980. 311-344.
[5] Turing AM. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 1950,59(236):433-460.
[6] Davis MD. Engines of Logic:Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer. W.W.Norton&Company, 2001.
[7] Columbia University. Programming the ENIAC. Retrieved 2018-05. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/eniac.html
[8] Campbell-Kelly M. The development of computer programming in Britain(1945 to 1955). Annals of the History of Computing,1982,4(2):121-139.
[9] Backus JW, Beeber RJ, Best S, et al. The FORTRAN automatic coding system. In:Proc. of the Western Joint Computer Conf.:Techniques for Reliability. ACM Press, 1957. 188-198.
[10] Ritchie DM, Thompson K. The UNIX time-sharing system. Bell System Technical Journal, 1978,57(6):1905-1929.
[11] Stroustrup B. The Design and Evolution of C++. Pearson Education India, 1994.
[12] Salomon D. Assemblers and Loaders. Ellis Horwood, 1992.
[13] Tanenbaum AS. Modern Operating System. Pearson Education, Inc, 2009.
[14] Dijkstra EW. The structure of the “THE” multiprogramming system. In:Origin of Concurrent Programming. Springer-Verlag, 1968.139-152.
[15] Bauer WF. Computer design from the programmer's viewpoint. In:Proc. of the Eastern Joint Computer Conf.:Modern Computers:Objectives, Designs, Applications. ACM Press, 1958. 46-51.
[16] Lee J. Time-Sharing at MIT:Introduction. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 1992,1:13-15.
[17] Mealy GH. The functional structure of OS/360, Part I:Introductory survey. IBM Systems Journal, 1966,5(1):3-11.
[18] Creasy RJ. The origin of the VM/370 time-sharing system. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1981,25(5):483-490.
[19] Buxton JN, Randell B. Software engineering techniques:Report on a Conf. sponsored by the NATO science committee. In:Proc. of the NATO Science Committee; Available from Scientific Affairs Division. NATO, 1970.
[20] Tanenbaum AS, Van Renesse R, Van Staveren H, et al. Experiences with the Amoeba distributed operating system.Communications of the ACM, 1990,33(12):46-63.
[21] Tanenbaum AS, Van Renesse R. Distributed operating systems. ACM Computing Surveys(CSUR), 1985,17(4):419-470.
[22] Wang HM, Wu WJ, Mao XJ, Ding B, Guo CG, Li W. Growing construction and adaptive evolution of complex software system.Science China:Information Sciences, 2014,44(6):743-761(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23] Birrell AD, Nelson BJ. Implementing remote procedure calls. ACM Trans. on Computer Systems(TOCS), 1984,2(1):39-59.
[24] Emmerich W, Aoyama M, Sventek J. The impact of research on the development of middleware technology. ACM Trans. on Software Engineering and Methodology(TOSEM), 2008,17(4):19.
[25] Ferris C, Farrell J. What are Web services? Communications of the ACM, 2003,46(6):31.
[26] Schmidt M, Hutchison B, Lambros P, et al. The enterprise service bus:Making service-oriented architecture real. IBM Systems Journal, 2005,44(4):781-797.
[27] Dragoni N, Giallorenzo S, Lafuente AL, et al. Microservices:Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. In:Proc. of the Present and Ulterior Software Engineering. Springer-Verlag, 2017. 195-216.
[28] Armbrust M, Fox A, Griffith R, et al. A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 2010,53(4):50-58.
[29] Mell P, Grance T. The NIST definition of cloud computing(draft). NIST Special Publication, 2011,800:145.
[30] Lu X, Wang H, Wang J, et al. Internet-Based virtual computing environment:Beyond the data center as a computer. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2013,29(1):309-322.
[31] Llyod's. Cloud Down:Impacts on the US Economy. Llyod's, 2018.
[32] Israeli A, Feitelson DG. The Linux kernel as a case study in software evolution. Journal of Systems and Software, 2010,83(3):485-501.
[33] Hall M, Padua D, Pingali K. Compiler research:The next 50 years. Communications of the ACM, 2009,52(2):60-67.
[34] Wang H, Shi P, Zhang Y. Jointcloud:A cross-cloud cooperation architecture for integrated Internet service customization. In:Proc.of the 37th IEEE Int'l Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems. IEEE, 2017. 1846-1855.
[35] Maximilien EM, Ranabahu A, Engehausen R, et al. IBM altocumulus:A cross-cloud middleware and platform. In:Proc. of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN Conf. on Companion on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications. ACM Press, 2009.805-806.
[36] Munteanu VI, Sandru C, Petcu D. Multi-Cloud resource management:Cloud service interfacing. Journal of Cloud Computing, 2014,3(1):3.
[37] Httermann M. DevOps for Developers. Apress, 2012.
[38] Pei D, Zhang SL, Pei CH. AIOps based on machine learning. Communications of CCCF, 2017,13(12):68-72(in Chinese with English abstract).
[39] Ding B, Wang HM, Shi DX. Constructing software with self-adaptabilit. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2013,24(9):1981-2000(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4432.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04432]
[40] Wang M, Cao J, Li J, et al. Middleware for wireless sensor networks:A survey. Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2008,23(3):305-326.
[41] Baldauf M, Dustdar S, Rosenberg F. A survey on context-aware systems. Int'l Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2007,2(4):263-277.
[42] Wu QY. Network computing middleware. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2013,24(1):67-76(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4296.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04296]
[43] Elkady A, Sobh T. Robotics middleware:A comprehensive literature survey and attribute-based bibliography. Journal of Robotics,2012.
[44] Quigley M, Conley K, Gerkey B, et al. ROS:An open-source robot operating system. In:Proc. of the ICRA Workshop on Open Source Software. Kobe, 2009. 5.
[45] Mei H, Guo Y. Toward ubiquitous operating systems:A software-defined perspective. Computer, 2018,51(1):50-56.
[46] Ding B, Wang HM, Shi DX. Pervasive middleware technology. Journal of Computer Science and Frontiers, 2007,1(3):241-254(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]梅宏,黄罡,曹东刚.从软件研究者的视角认识“软件定义”.中国计算机学会通讯,2015,11(1):68-71.
[22]王怀民,吴文峻,毛新军,丁博,郭长国,李未.复杂软件系统的成长性构造与适应性演化.中国科学:信息科学,2014,44(6):743-761.
[38]裴丹,张圣林,裴昶华.基于机器学习的智能运维.中国计算机学会通讯,2017,13(12):68-72.
[39]丁博,王怀民,史殿习.构造具备自适应能力的软件.软件学报,2013,24(9):1981-2000.http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4432.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04432]
[42]吴泉源.网络计算中间件.软件学报,2013,24(1):67-76. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4296.htm[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1001.2013.04296]
[46]丁博,王怀民,史殿习.普适计算中间件技术.计算机科学与探索,2007,1(3):241-254.