长江口深水航道整治工程不同阶段北槽河床冲淤特征的动力机制分析
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摘要
本文使用数学模型的方法,探讨不同工程阶段(1998年1月至2008年2月)北槽河床冲淤特征的动力机制。应用Delft3D模型建立了精度较高的长江口～北槽三维嵌套流场模型,为分析整治工程对北槽河床冲淤的影响,设计了4个数值试验来计算不同工程节点时北槽海域的流场分析,分别采用相同的外部驱动力(洪季)和不同工程节点的北槽地形与工程配置。通过比较不同工程节点的潮周期平均流场的平面分布、典型横断面分布和航道剖面分布及变化,发现:随着导堤、丁坝工程的建设,新建导堤和丁坝对应区段的主槽水动力显著增强,可见"双导堤+丁坝群"的束流效果明显;新建坝田,受导堤、丁坝影响水动力急剧减弱。不同工程阶段影响下,北槽海域水动力的"强弱变化"分布与同期河床"冲淤变化"格局基本吻合,因此,深水航道整治工程阶段影响下的水动力强弱变化是引发北槽河床冲淤变化的主要动力因素。
Using mathematical modeling method, the dynamic mechanism and the characteristics of the erosion and deposition distribution in the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary at different engineering stages(From Jan. 1998 to Feb 2008) were described in this study. A 3 D high-resolution current model has been established, which grid the Changjiang Estuary nested by the North Passage region. Four numerical experiments were designed to calculate the flow field associated with different project constructions and topography, respectively, and the external forces. It was found that the effect of "double dikes and groins" was obvious because of the significant of current strength in the main channel of dike and groins built recently. It declined rapidly in new groin-blocked region. The region experienced erosion where the hydrodynamics intensified, the region received deposition, the hydrodynamics decreased under the influence of different engineering phases. The variation of hydrodynamics by Deep Waterway Project was the main dynamic factor of morphological change within the North Passage of Changjiang Estuary.
Using mathematical modeling method, the dynamic mechanism and the characteristics of the erosion and deposition distribution in the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary at different engineering stages(From Jan. 1998 to Feb 2008) were described in this study. A 3 D high-resolution current model has been established, which grid the Changjiang Estuary nested by the North Passage region. Four numerical experiments were designed to calculate the flow field associated with different project constructions and topography, respectively, and the external forces. It was found that the effect of "double dikes and groins" was obvious because of the significant of current strength in the main channel of dike and groins built recently. It declined rapidly in new groin-blocked region. The region experienced erosion where the hydrodynamics intensified, the region received deposition, the hydrodynamics decreased under the influence of different engineering phases. The variation of hydrodynamics by Deep Waterway Project was the main dynamic factor of morphological change within the North Passage of Changjiang Estuary.
引文
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[16] 王兆华, 杜景龙. 长江口深水航道一、二期工程建设以来北槽河段的冲淤演变[J]. 天津: 海洋通报, 2006, 25(06): 55-62.
[17] 杜景龙, 杨世伦. 长江口北槽深水航道工程对周边滩涂冲淤影响研究[J]. 长春: 地理科学, 2007, 27(03): 390-394.
[18] 刘杰. 长江口深水航道河床演变与航道回淤研究[J]. 上海: 华东师范大学博士学位论文, 2008.
[19] 刘杰, 陈吉余, 等. 长江口深水航道治理工程实施后南北槽分汊段河床演变[J]. 南京: 水利科学进展, 2008, 19(5): 605-612.
[20] 潘灵芝, 丁平兴, 葛建忠. 长江口深水航道整治工程影响下的北槽河床冲淤变化分析[J]. 北京: 泥沙研究,2011(5): 51-59.
[21] Pan Lingzhi, Ge Jianzhong. Analysis of the influence of the Deep Waterway Project on the morphological change in the North Passage, Changjiang Estuary. The International Conference on Remote Sensing Environment and Transportation Engineering, June 24-26, 2011, Nanjing, China.
[22] 丁平兴, 胡克林, 孔亚珍,朱首贤. 长江河口波-流共同作用下的全沙数值模拟[J]. 北京: 海洋学报, 2003,25(5): 113-124.
[23] Lingzhi Pan, Pingxing Ding, Jianzhong Ge. Impacts of Deep Waterway Project on Morphological Changes within the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary, China [J]. Journal of Coastal Research (Accepted).
[24] 陈吉余, 中国河口海岸研究与实践. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007.
[2] 郁微微, 杨洪林, 刘曙光, 戚定满. 深水航道工程对长江口流场的影响[J]. 上海: 水动力学研究与进展, 2007, 22(6): 709-715.
[3] Jianrong Zhu, Pingxing Ding, et al.. Influence of the Deep Waterway Project in the Changjiang Estuary. The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours, 2007:79 92.
[4] K.Hu, P.Ding. The Effect of Deep Waterway Constructions on Hydrodynamics and Salinities in Yangtze Estuary, China[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2009, (56): 961-965.
[5] Ge, J., P. Ding and C. Chen, Impacts of Deep Waterway Project on Local Circulations and Salinity in the Changjiang Estuary, China. Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference of Coastal Engineering 2010, Shanghai, China.
[6] 张国安, 虞志英, 何青, 包四林, 金镠. 长江口深水航道治理一期工程前后泥沙运动特性初步分析[J]. 北京: 泥沙研究, 2003, (6): 31-38.
[7] 戚定满, 吴华林, 等. 长江口北槽泥沙运动现场示踪分析研究[J]. 南京: 海洋工程, 2010, 28(1): 64-69.
[8] 金镠, 谈泽炜, 等. 长江口深水航道的回淤问题[J]. 天津: 中国港湾建设. 2003, (3): 5-9.
[9] 金镠, 谈泽炜, 等. 长江口深水航道的回淤问题[J]. 天津: 中国港湾建设. 2003, (4): 1-6.
[10] 金镠, 谈泽炜, 等. 长江口深水航道的回淤问题[J]. 天津: 中国港湾建设. 2003, (5): 1-7.
[11] 金镠, 虞志英. 关于长江口深水航道维护条件与流域来水来沙关系的初步分析[J]. 北京: 水运工程, 2006 (03):46-51.
[12] 长江口深水航道回淤预测数学模型的开发及应用[R]. 南京: 南京水利科学研究院, 2006.
[13] 长江口深水航道治理三期工程减淤工程措施深化研究[R]. 上海: 上海河口海岸科学研究中心, 2008.
[14] 刘杰, 徐志杨, 等. 长江口深水航道(一、二期工程)回淤变化[J]. 北京: 泥沙研究, 2009(02): 22-28.
[15] 谈泽炜, 范期锦, 等. 长江口北槽航道回淤原因分析[J]. 北京: 水运工程, 2009(06): 91-102.
[16] 王兆华, 杜景龙. 长江口深水航道一、二期工程建设以来北槽河段的冲淤演变[J]. 天津: 海洋通报, 2006, 25(06): 55-62.
[17] 杜景龙, 杨世伦. 长江口北槽深水航道工程对周边滩涂冲淤影响研究[J]. 长春: 地理科学, 2007, 27(03): 390-394.
[18] 刘杰. 长江口深水航道河床演变与航道回淤研究[J]. 上海: 华东师范大学博士学位论文, 2008.
[19] 刘杰, 陈吉余, 等. 长江口深水航道治理工程实施后南北槽分汊段河床演变[J]. 南京: 水利科学进展, 2008, 19(5): 605-612.
[20] 潘灵芝, 丁平兴, 葛建忠. 长江口深水航道整治工程影响下的北槽河床冲淤变化分析[J]. 北京: 泥沙研究,2011(5): 51-59.
[21] Pan Lingzhi, Ge Jianzhong. Analysis of the influence of the Deep Waterway Project on the morphological change in the North Passage, Changjiang Estuary. The International Conference on Remote Sensing Environment and Transportation Engineering, June 24-26, 2011, Nanjing, China.
[22] 丁平兴, 胡克林, 孔亚珍,朱首贤. 长江河口波-流共同作用下的全沙数值模拟[J]. 北京: 海洋学报, 2003,25(5): 113-124.
[23] Lingzhi Pan, Pingxing Ding, Jianzhong Ge. Impacts of Deep Waterway Project on Morphological Changes within the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary, China [J]. Journal of Coastal Research (Accepted).
[24] 陈吉余, 中国河口海岸研究与实践. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007.