金属离子对车载制氢机制氢效率的影响
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摘要
针对向车载制氢机加水带入的金属离子导致制氢效率偏低的问题,在制氢测试系统实验台上研究加入含不同Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)质量浓度的溶液对制氢效率的影响.在电解电流为30 A,初始温度为19.7℃,压力恒为0.1MPa条件下,电解2 L质量分数为30%的KOH溶液与其对应加入50 m L含不同金属离子质量浓度溶液做比较.试验结果表明:随着电解的进行,加入溶液所含的金属离子质量浓度越高,KOH溶液的电解电压越高,制氢速率越低,制氢效率越低.
In view of the low efficiency of on-board hydrogen generator used in the vehicle with hydrogenblended gasoline engine due to adding metal ions in water,effects of different concentration of Zn~(2+),Fe~(3+) and Cu~(2+)on performance of the on-board hydrogen generator with KOH liquor were tested on hydrogen generator testing bench in this paper. The experiment was carried out at the electrolytic current of 30 A,the initial temperature of 19. 7 ℃ and the pressure of 0. 1 MPa. The effect of adding 50 m L metal ions liquor to the 2 L KOH liquor which has a KOH mass fraction of 30% was investigated and compared with the pure KOH liquor electrolyzing. Results show that the electrolytic voltage is increased,and the hydrogen producing velocity and efficiency are reduced with the increase of metal ions concentration.
In view of the low efficiency of on-board hydrogen generator used in the vehicle with hydrogenblended gasoline engine due to adding metal ions in water,effects of different concentration of Zn~(2+),Fe~(3+) and Cu~(2+)on performance of the on-board hydrogen generator with KOH liquor were tested on hydrogen generator testing bench in this paper. The experiment was carried out at the electrolytic current of 30 A,the initial temperature of 19. 7 ℃ and the pressure of 0. 1 MPa. The effect of adding 50 m L metal ions liquor to the 2 L KOH liquor which has a KOH mass fraction of 30% was investigated and compared with the pure KOH liquor electrolyzing. Results show that the electrolytic voltage is increased,and the hydrogen producing velocity and efficiency are reduced with the increase of metal ions concentration.
引文
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[20]孙涛.金属杂质离子对电解水的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.SUN T.Influence of metal ions on water electrolysis[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011.(in Chinese)
[21]刘明义,于波,徐景明.固体氧化物电解水制氢系统效率[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(6):868-871.LIU M Y,YU B,XU J M.Efficiency for solid oxide electrolysis of water hydrogen production system[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2009,49(6):868-871.(in Chinese)
[2]MOMIRLAN M,VEZIROGLU T N.The properties of hydrogen as fuel tomorrow in sustainable energy system for a cleaner planet[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2005,30(7):795-802.
[3]吴森,钱玉龙.内燃机掺氢燃烧可行性分析[J].汽车工程师,2010(4):50-53.WU S,QIAN Y L.Feasibility analysis on the internal combustion engine mixed with hydrogen combustion[J].Automotive Engineers,2010(4):50-53.(in Chinese)
[4]GRIGOR'EV S A,POREMBSLEII V I,FATEEV V N.Electrolyzers with solid polymer electrolyte for getting special-purity gases[J].Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,2004,40(9/10):606-610.
[5]SHIN Y,PARK W,CHANG J,et al.Evaluation of the high temperature electrolysis of steam to produce hydrogen[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32(10):1486-1491.
[6]KOTHARI R,BUDDHI D,SAWHNEEY R L.Comparison of environmental and economic aspects of various hydrogen production methods[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2008,12(2):553-563.
[7]刘芸.绿色能源氢能及其电解水制氢技术进展[J].电源技术,2012,36(10):1579-1581.LIU Y.Progress of green energy hydrogen energy and technology of hydrogen production by water electrolysis[J].Power Technology,2012,36(10):1579-1581.(in Chinese)
[8]PORPATHAM E,RAMESH A,NAGALINGAM B.Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance of a biogas fuelled spark ignition engine[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32(12):2057-2065.
[9]STEBAR R F,PARKS F B.Emission control with lean operation using hydrogen-supplemented fuel[J].SAE Paper,1974,No.740187.
[10]马凡华,丁尚芬,王业富,等.点燃式HCNG发动机一维数值模拟研究[J].内燃机工程,2011,32(2):46-52.MA F H,DING S F,WANG Y F,et al.One dimensional numerical simulation of SI HCNG engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2011,32(2):46-52.(in Chinese)
[11]TAKEICHI N.“Hybrid hydrogen storage vessel”,a novel high pressure hydrogen storage vessel combined with hydrogen storage material[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2003,28(10):1121-1129.
[12]沈绍辉,许炜,陶占良,等.储氢研究进展[J].化学进展,2006(增刊1):200-210.SHEN S H,XU W,TAO Z L,et al.Progress of research on hydrogen storage[J].Progress in Chemistry,2006(Suppl 1):200-210.(in Chinese)
[13]UBAGO-PEREZ R,CARRASCO-MARIN F,MORENOCASTILLA C.Carbon-supported Pt as catalysts for lowtemperature methanol decomposition to carbon monoxide ad hydrogen[J].Apply Catalysis A General,2004,275(1/2):119-126.
[14]魏广科.硼氢化钠水解制氢-小型质子交换膜燃料电池一体化研究[D].汕头:汕头大学,2009.WEI G K.Sodium borohydride hydrolysis generate hydrogen-the small proton exchange membrane fuel cell integration research[D].Shantou:Shantou University,2009.(in Chinese)
[15]DUAN J F,LIU F S,SUN B G.Backfire control and power enhancement of a hydrogen internal combustion engine[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(9):4581-4589.
[16]YANG Z Z,WANG L J,HE M L,et al.Research on optimal control to resolve the contradictions between restricting abnormal combustion and improving power output in hydrogen fueled engines[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(1):774-782.
[17]YANG Z Z,WANG L J,ZHANG Q B,et al.Research on optimum method to eliminate backfire of hydrogen internal combustion engines based on combining postponing ignition timing with water injection of intake manifold[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(17):12868-12878.
[18]SEMELSBERGER T A,BROOKS K P.Chemical hydrogen storage material property guidelines for automotive applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:593-609.
[19]JIA Y,SUN C H,SHEN S H,et al.Combination of nanosizing and interfacial effect:future perspective for designing Mg-based nanomaterials for hydrogen storage[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,44:289-303.
[20]孙涛.金属杂质离子对电解水的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.SUN T.Influence of metal ions on water electrolysis[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011.(in Chinese)
[21]刘明义,于波,徐景明.固体氧化物电解水制氢系统效率[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(6):868-871.LIU M Y,YU B,XU J M.Efficiency for solid oxide electrolysis of water hydrogen production system[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2009,49(6):868-871.(in Chinese)