塔中南缘断裂坡折带成因演化及对奥陶系优质礁滩体的控制作用
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摘要
塔中南缘断裂坡折带发育的良里塔格组优质礁滩体储层是塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重点,但目前未获得重大突破。利用岩心、镜下薄片、测井、地震资料,并结合地震反演及构造解析等方法,对塔中南缘断裂坡折带的地质结构特征进行了精细刻画,分析了其构造演化并探讨了其成因模式,明确了其上发育的台地边缘礁滩复合体的结构特征并预测了优质礁滩体的分布。研究结果表明:塔中南缘断裂坡折带为一条近EW向展布、分割了卡塔克隆起和塘古孜巴斯凹陷的高角度逆生长边界断层。断裂坡折带沿走向的构造样式、活动方式及演化模式具有明显的分带性和多期性特征,由西向东划分了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ段。坡折带于加里东中期Ⅰ幕开始发育并在加里东中期Ⅲ幕定型,加里东中期Ⅰ幕(T47)坡折带的古地貌奠定了礁滩体发育的基础,而其后的演化影响了礁滩体的垂向生长结构。优质礁滩体储层在纵向上主要发育于良里塔格组上段,而横向上则主要分布在断裂坡折带Ⅲ段。
The reef flat reservoirs with good properties on the Lianglitage Formation in the Tazhong southern faulted slope break is the focus of the oil and gas exploration in the carbonate reservoirs of the Upper Ordovician.But recently,its studies are in a bottle neck.Based on the core observations,thin section and well logging analysis and seismic description,together with seismic inversion and structural analysis,thispaper discusses the geological structure characteristics,the tectonic evolution and the establishment of the genetic model of the Tazhong southern faulted slope break to determine the structural features of reef complexes on the platform edge and predict the distribution of the reefs with good properties.The results show that the Tazhong southern fault slope break dividing the Katake Uplift and Tanggubasi Depression is a nearly EW strike,inverse growth boundary faults with a high angle trend.Fault slope break zone is divided intoⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴfive sections from west to east,with the structural styles,movement patterns and evolution modes of obvious zoning and multi-period developing characteristics along the strike.Slope belt began to develop in the EpisodeⅠof the mid-Caledonian and formed in the EpisodeⅢof the mid-Caledonian.The palaeogeomorphology of the slope break zone laid the foundation for the development of reef in the mid-Caledonian(T47),whose evolution affected the vertical structure of reef flat.The reef flat reservoirs with good properties are mainly developed in the upper part of the Lianglitage Formation in vertical profile,and mainly distributed in sectionⅢin horizontal zone.
The reef flat reservoirs with good properties on the Lianglitage Formation in the Tazhong southern faulted slope break is the focus of the oil and gas exploration in the carbonate reservoirs of the Upper Ordovician.But recently,its studies are in a bottle neck.Based on the core observations,thin section and well logging analysis and seismic description,together with seismic inversion and structural analysis,thispaper discusses the geological structure characteristics,the tectonic evolution and the establishment of the genetic model of the Tazhong southern faulted slope break to determine the structural features of reef complexes on the platform edge and predict the distribution of the reefs with good properties.The results show that the Tazhong southern fault slope break dividing the Katake Uplift and Tanggubasi Depression is a nearly EW strike,inverse growth boundary faults with a high angle trend.Fault slope break zone is divided intoⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴfive sections from west to east,with the structural styles,movement patterns and evolution modes of obvious zoning and multi-period developing characteristics along the strike.Slope belt began to develop in the EpisodeⅠof the mid-Caledonian and formed in the EpisodeⅢof the mid-Caledonian.The palaeogeomorphology of the slope break zone laid the foundation for the development of reef in the mid-Caledonian(T47),whose evolution affected the vertical structure of reef flat.The reef flat reservoirs with good properties are mainly developed in the upper part of the Lianglitage Formation in vertical profile,and mainly distributed in sectionⅢin horizontal zone.
引文
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[21]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带礁滩复合体大型凝析气田成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):323-326.
[22]邬光辉,李启明,张宝收,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):27-30.
[23]邬光辉,琚岩,杨仓,等.构造对塔中奥陶系礁滩型储集层的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):467-470.
[24]周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之五:塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(1):45-51.
[25]代鹏,丁文龙,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地塔中南坡地区奥陶系优质海相碳酸盐岩储层测井评价[J].物探与化探,2016,40(2):243-249.
[26]何君毅,蔡忠贤,张恒,等.塔中隆起顺西地区良里塔格组沉积相类型及其展布特征[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(2):24-34.
[27]汤良杰,黄太柱,金文正,等.叠合盆地差异构造变形与油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):13-22.
[28]张光亚.塔里木古生代克拉通盆地形成演化与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
[29]邬光辉,黄广建,王振宇,等.塔中奥陶系生物礁地震识别与预测[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):40-42.
[2]任建业,陆永潮,张青林.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):596-602.
[3]王英民,刘豪,李立诚,等.准噶尔大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的类型和分布特征[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):683-688.
[4]张新涛,周心怀,牛成民,等.黄河口凹陷古近纪构造坡折带对沉积体系的控制[J].地质论评,2014,60(2):332-338.
[5]冯有良.断陷湖盆沟谷及构造坡折对砂体的控制作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):13-16.
[6]冯有良,徐秀生.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用:以渤海湾盆地古近系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):22-25.
[7]李思田,潘元林,陆永潮,等.断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术:高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):592-598.
[8]王燮培,费琪,张家骅,等.石油勘探构造分析[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1990.
[9]白忠凯,吕修祥,于红枫,等.塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩输导体系特征及成藏意义[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(5):60-68.
[10]印森林,吴胜和,李俊飞,等.同生逆断层正牵引构造对高频层序地层结构及沉积充填的控制作用[J].地质论评,2014,60(2):310-320.
[11]吴亚生.生物礁分类方案[J].地质论评,1997,43(3):281-289.
[12]Flügel E,Kiessling W.A new look at ancient reefs[M].[S.l.]:Phanerozoic Reef Patterns,2002:3-10.
[13]Riding R.Cyanophyte calcification and changes in ocean chemistry[J].Nature,1982,299:814-815.
[14]Riding R.Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds:Concepts and categories[J].Earth Science Reviews,2002,58(1/2):163-231.
[15]韩剑发,孙崇浩,于红枫,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系礁滩复合体发育动力学及其控储机制[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):845-856.
[16]Webby B D.Patterns of ordovician reef development[M].[S.l.]:Special Publications,2002:129-179.
[17]李映涛,张哨楠,韩俊,等.塔中北坡中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩缝洞方解石充填物地球化学特征差异及其对储层的指示意义[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(1):37-45.
[18]黄鸿光,杜学斌.陆永潮,等.南海西部深水区中新世断控台缘生物礁生长演化[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(1):35-39.
[19]康玉柱.塔里木盆地塔河大油田形成的地质条件及前景展望[J].中国地质,2003,30(3):315-319.
[20]刘凤,王振宇,杨晓东,等.中古3井区良里塔格组沉积特征及沉积演化[J].石油地质与工程,2010,24(4):8-11.
[21]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带礁滩复合体大型凝析气田成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):323-326.
[22]邬光辉,李启明,张宝收,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):27-30.
[23]邬光辉,琚岩,杨仓,等.构造对塔中奥陶系礁滩型储集层的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):467-470.
[24]周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之五:塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(1):45-51.
[25]代鹏,丁文龙,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地塔中南坡地区奥陶系优质海相碳酸盐岩储层测井评价[J].物探与化探,2016,40(2):243-249.
[26]何君毅,蔡忠贤,张恒,等.塔中隆起顺西地区良里塔格组沉积相类型及其展布特征[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(2):24-34.
[27]汤良杰,黄太柱,金文正,等.叠合盆地差异构造变形与油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):13-22.
[28]张光亚.塔里木古生代克拉通盆地形成演化与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
[29]邬光辉,黄广建,王振宇,等.塔中奥陶系生物礁地震识别与预测[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):40-42.