生态批评视域下的《天堂的小鸟》
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摘要
中国学者鲁枢元认为,生态学大体上包含自然生态学、社会生态学和精神生态学三个研究对象。基于此,生态批评探讨的关系就是人与自然的自然生态、人与社会的社会生态以及人与自我的精神生态三层关系。《天堂的小鸟》中,主人公们所栖居的外部自然生态环境、社会生态环境以及自我内在的精神生态状态契合了鲁枢元的生态批评三分法,从而为读者整体呈现了一幅当代美国不和谐的自然生态、异化的社会生态和病态的精神生态画卷。而故事的结尾却透露出了作家力图营造一幅生态和谐画面的美好愿望。
Chinese scholar Lu Shu-yuan holds the view that ecology generally includes three research objects,"natural ecology","social ecology" and "spiritual ecology". Based on this view,eco-criticism will explore three layers of relationship: the relationship between man and nature (the natural ecology),the relationship between man and society (the social ecology),as well as the relationship between man and oneself (the spiritual ecology). In Little Bird of Heaven,the natural and social ecological environments the main characters lived in and their own inner spiritual or mental state altogether accord with Lu's trichotomy about eco-criticism,thus presenting readers a picture of contemporary America: the disharmonious natural ecology,the alienated social ecology,and the morbid spiritual ecology as well. Yet,the end of the story reveals the writer's beautiful wish to create a picture of harmonious ecology.
Chinese scholar Lu Shu-yuan holds the view that ecology generally includes three research objects,"natural ecology","social ecology" and "spiritual ecology". Based on this view,eco-criticism will explore three layers of relationship: the relationship between man and nature (the natural ecology),the relationship between man and society (the social ecology),as well as the relationship between man and oneself (the spiritual ecology). In Little Bird of Heaven,the natural and social ecological environments the main characters lived in and their own inner spiritual or mental state altogether accord with Lu's trichotomy about eco-criticism,thus presenting readers a picture of contemporary America: the disharmonious natural ecology,the alienated social ecology,and the morbid spiritual ecology as well. Yet,the end of the story reveals the writer's beautiful wish to create a picture of harmonious ecology.
引文
[1]苗福光.生态批评视角下的劳伦斯[D].青岛:山东大学,2006:27-28.
[2]Glotfelty C,Fromm H.The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology[M].Athens:The University of Georgia Press,1996:18.
[3]鲁枢元.生态文艺学[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社,2000:146.
[4]乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨.天堂的小鸟[M].陈腾华,译.北京:新华出版社,2015.
[5]李公昭.新编英国文学选读[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2009:85.
[6]杨建玫.激情与暴力:评欧茨2009年新作《天堂的小鸟》[J].外国文学动态,2010(1):32.
[7]Sandra Cisneros.The House on Mango Street[M].New York:Vintage Books USA,1991:109.
[2]Glotfelty C,Fromm H.The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology[M].Athens:The University of Georgia Press,1996:18.
[3]鲁枢元.生态文艺学[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社,2000:146.
[4]乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨.天堂的小鸟[M].陈腾华,译.北京:新华出版社,2015.
[5]李公昭.新编英国文学选读[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2009:85.
[6]杨建玫.激情与暴力:评欧茨2009年新作《天堂的小鸟》[J].外国文学动态,2010(1):32.
[7]Sandra Cisneros.The House on Mango Street[M].New York:Vintage Books USA,1991:109.