淬火温度对高铁车轴用钢组织及性能的影响
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摘要
利用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了淬火温度对高铁车轴用钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着淬火温度的升高,抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度先快速增大后缓慢减小,塑性变化不明显,冲击吸收能量持续下降,同时试验钢原始奥氏体晶粒长大,马氏体板条束(Packet)长大,淬火温度升高到900℃后晶粒迅速粗化,后续回火碳化物有所细化。在淬火温度为850℃时(675℃回火)试验钢具有最佳的综合性能:抗拉强度为796 MPa,规定塑性延伸强度为677 MPa,伸长率为24.5%, 25℃和-40℃的冲击吸收能量(A_(KU2),5 mm缺口)分别为82 J和72 J。
The effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed axle steel were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that with the increase of quenching temperature, the tensile strength and the specified plastic elongation strength of the steel first increase rapidly and then decrease slowly, the plasticity doesn't change a lot, and the impact absorbed energy decreases continuously, while the primary austenite grain of the steel and martensite lath(Packet) grows. When the quenching temperature increases to 900 ℃, the grain is coarsened rapidly, and the subsequent tempering carbides are refined. The experimental steel has the best comprehensive properties after quenching at 850 ℃ and tempering at 675 ℃, which is that the tensile strength is 796 MPa, the specified plastic elongation strength is 677 MPa, the elongation is 24.5%, and the impact absorbed energy(A_(KU2), 5 mm notch) at 25 ℃ and-40 ℃ is 82 J and 72 J, respectively.
The effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed axle steel were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that with the increase of quenching temperature, the tensile strength and the specified plastic elongation strength of the steel first increase rapidly and then decrease slowly, the plasticity doesn't change a lot, and the impact absorbed energy decreases continuously, while the primary austenite grain of the steel and martensite lath(Packet) grows. When the quenching temperature increases to 900 ℃, the grain is coarsened rapidly, and the subsequent tempering carbides are refined. The experimental steel has the best comprehensive properties after quenching at 850 ℃ and tempering at 675 ℃, which is that the tensile strength is 796 MPa, the specified plastic elongation strength is 677 MPa, the elongation is 24.5%, and the impact absorbed energy(A_(KU2), 5 mm notch) at 25 ℃ and-40 ℃ is 82 J and 72 J, respectively.
引文
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[17] 方萍,苏杰,赵晓丽,等.奥氏体化温度对30Cr4Si2NiMoNb超高强度钢强韧性的影响[J].金属热处理,2013,38(5):88-91.FANG Ping,SU Jie,ZHAO Xiao-li,et al.Effect of austenitizing temperature on strength-toughness of 30Cr4Si2NiMoNb ultrahigh strength steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(5):88-91.
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[2] 李桂仙.高速铁路车轴材质的优化选择[J].铁路采购与物流,2008(2):34-35.
[3] 蔡红,叶俭,王丽莲,等.高铁车轴用34CrNiMo6钢的热处理工艺[J].金属热处理,2012,37(4):95-98.CAI Hong,YE Jian,WANG Li-lian,et al.Heat treatment process of 34CrNiMo6 steel for high-speed railway axle[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2012,37(4):95-98.
[4] 吴毅.动车组车轴的国产化试验研究[J].铁道机车车辆,2016,36(5):7-11.
[5] Hara T, Maruyama N,Shinohara Y,et al.Abnormal α to γ transformation behavior of steels with a martensite and bainite microstructure at a slow reheating rate[J].ISIJ International,2009,49(11):1792-1800.
[6] Hong-Seok Y,Bhadeshia H K D H. Austenite grain size and the martensite-start temperature[J]. Scripta Materialia,2009,60(7):493-495.
[7] La Roca P, Isola L,Vermaut P, et al.Relationship between martensitic plate size and austenitic grain size in martensitic transformations[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2015,106(22):1-4.
[8] 周丽娜,唐光泽,马欣新,等.奥氏体化温度对M50钢组织转变的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2016,37(7):89-94.ZHOU Li-na,TANG Guang-ze,MA Xin-xin,et al.Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure of M50 steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2016,37(7):89-94.
[9] Streitenberger P,Zollner D.The envelope of size distributions in Ostwald ripening and grain growth[J].Acta Materialia,2015,88:334-345.
[10] Jafarian H,Borhani E,Shibata A,et al.Variant selection of martensite transformation from ultrafine-grained austenite in Fe-Ni-C alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,577(S1):668-672.
[11] 牛靖,刘迎来,齐丽华,等.奥氏体化温度对X80管线钢组织和力学性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2010,31(5):96-101.NIU Jing, LIU Ying-lai, QI Li-hua,et al.Effect of austenizing temperature on microstructureand mechanical properties of pipeline steel X80[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2010,31(5):96-101.
[12] 陶素芬,王福明,于乔木,等.奥氏体化温度及时间对EQ70 钢晶粒尺寸的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(11):42-47.TAO Su-fen,WANG Fu-ming,YU Qiao-mu,et al.Effect of austenitizing temperature and holding time on austenite grain size of EQ70 steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(11):42-47.
[13] 王春芳.低合金马氏体钢强韧性组织控制单元的研究[D].北京:钢铁研究总院,2008.WANG Chun-fang.Investigation on microstructural unit controlling the strength and toughness in low alloy martensitic steel[D].Beijing:Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,2008.
[14] Furuhara T,Kikumoto K, Saito H, et al.Phase transformation from fine-grained austenite[J].ISIJ International, 2008, 48:1038-1045.
[15] 张可,雍岐龙,孙新军,等.回火温度对高Ti微合金直接淬火高强钢组织及性能的影响[J].金属学报,2014,50(8):913-920.ZHANG Ke,YONG Qi-long,SUN Xin-jun,et al.Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high Ti microalloyed directly quenched high strength steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2014,50(8):913-920.
[16] 冯亚亚,卜春成,徐驰,等.奥氏体化温度对新型低合金超高强度钢组织及力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2018,43(2):160-165.FENG Ya-ya,BU Chun-cheng,XU Chi,et al.Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure and mechanical propertiesof a new designed low alloy ultrahigh strength steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2018,43(2):160-165.
[17] 方萍,苏杰,赵晓丽,等.奥氏体化温度对30Cr4Si2NiMoNb超高强度钢强韧性的影响[J].金属热处理,2013,38(5):88-91.FANG Ping,SU Jie,ZHAO Xiao-li,et al.Effect of austenitizing temperature on strength-toughness of 30Cr4Si2NiMoNb ultrahigh strength steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(5):88-91.
[18] 钟培道.断裂失效分析[J].理化检验:物理分册,2005,41(10):2-15.ZHONG Pei-dao.Fracture failure analysis[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part A:Physical Testing,2005,41(10):2-15.