基于变减载率的光伏发电参与电网调频控制策略
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摘要
新能源机组大量接入电网降低了电力系统旋转惯性和一次调频资源,导致电网运行时频率波动增大。新能源机组主动参与频率调节是缓解该问题的途径之一,为此提出一种基于变减载率的光伏发电机组参与电网调频控制策略,依据电网频率改变光伏机组减载运行水平,使其能够参与向上/向下的电网频率调节。该策略结合离线曲线拟合、在线功率跟踪和实时光照强度估算,能与最大功率跟踪算法无缝融合,并对曲线拟合误差有一定的鲁棒性。基于RT-LAB的半物理仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
The increasing installed capacity of renewable power generation deceases the rotational inertia and primary frequency regulation resource in power system, result into frequency fluctuating larger during power system operation. The renewable power generation participate power system frequency regulation is one efficient way for releasing this problem. The focus of this paper is to develop a new frequency regulation control strategy for photovoltaic(PV) power plant, which enables PV power plant to adjust the active power reserve level depending on the grid frequency, and participate the under/up frequency response. The strategy combine off-line curve fitting algorithm, on-line power tracking and irradiance estimation.it can seamless integrate with the exited maximum power tracing, and enhance the robustness for the off-line curve fitting error. The semi-physical simulation platform based on RT-LAB was built and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
The increasing installed capacity of renewable power generation deceases the rotational inertia and primary frequency regulation resource in power system, result into frequency fluctuating larger during power system operation. The renewable power generation participate power system frequency regulation is one efficient way for releasing this problem. The focus of this paper is to develop a new frequency regulation control strategy for photovoltaic(PV) power plant, which enables PV power plant to adjust the active power reserve level depending on the grid frequency, and participate the under/up frequency response. The strategy combine off-line curve fitting algorithm, on-line power tracking and irradiance estimation.it can seamless integrate with the exited maximum power tracing, and enhance the robustness for the off-line curve fitting error. The semi-physical simulation platform based on RT-LAB was built and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
引文
[1]叶婧,林涛,张磊,等.考虑动态频率约束的含高渗透率光伏电源的孤立电网机组组合[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):194-202.Ye Jing,Lin Tao,Zhang Lei,et al.Isolated grid unit commitment with dynamic frequency constraint considering photovoltaic power plants participating in frequency regulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):194-202.
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[18]Nanou S I,Papakonstantinou A G,Papathanassiou SA.A generic model of two-stage grid-connected PVsystems with primary frequency response and inertia emulation[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,127:186-196.
[19]Batzelis E,Kampitsis G,Papathanassiou S.Power reserves control for PV systems with real-time MPPestimation via curve fitting[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(3):1269-1280.
[20]张冠锋,杨俊友,孙峰,等.基于虚拟惯量和频率下垂控制的双馈风电机组一次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):225-232.Zhang Guanfeng,Yang Junyou,Sun Feng,et al.Primary frequency regulation strategy of dfig based on virtual inertia and frequency droop control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):225-232.
[21]Tan Y,Meegahapola L,Muttaqi K M.A suboptimal power-point-tracking-based primary frequency response strategy for DFIGs in hybrid remote area power supply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):93-105.
[22]郑堃,周林,张前进,等.数字控制下光伏并网逆变器稳定性分析及参数优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(8):1802-1813.Zheng Kun,Zhou Lin,Zhang Qianjin,et al.Stability analysis and parameter optimization design of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under digital control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(8):1802-1813.
[23]张兴.太阳能光伏并网发电及其逆变控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[24]Villalva M G,Gazoli J R,Filho E R.Comprehensive approach to modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(5):1198-1208.
[25]Subudhi B,Pradhan R.A comparative study on maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,4(1):89-98.
[26]Kollimalla S K,Mishra M K.A novel adaptive P&OMPPT algorithm considering sudden changes in the irradiance[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(3):602-610.
[27]Cristaldi L,Faifer M,Rossi M,et al.An improved model-based maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic panels[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation&Measurement,2013,63(1):63-71.
[28]Cristaldi L,Faifer M,Rossi M,et al.A simplified model of a photovoltaic panel[J].Instrumentation&Measurement Technology Conference,Graz,2012:431-436.
[29]Papathanassiou S A,Papadopoulos M P.Dynamic characteristics of autonomous wind-diesel systems[J].Renewable Energy,2001,23(2):293-311.
[2]丁明,王伟胜,王秀丽,等.大规模光伏发电对电力系统影响综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):2-14.Ding Ming,Wang Weisheng,Wang Xiuli,et al.Areview on the effect of large-scale PV generation on power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):2-14.
[3]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.Tang Xisheng,Miao Fufeng,Qi Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[4]Gevorgian V,O'Neill B.Advanced grid-friendly controls demonstration project for utility-scale PVpower plants[R].United States:National Renewable Energy Lab,2016.
[5]Tsili M,Papathanassiou S.A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms[J].IETRenewable Power Generation,2009,3(3):308-332.
[6]黄际元,李欣然,常敏,等.考虑储能电池参与一次调频技术经济模型的容量配置方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(21):43-52.Huang Jiyuan,Li Xinran,Chang Min,et al.Capacity allocation of BESS in primary frequency regulation considering its technical-economic model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):43-52.
[7]蔡国伟,孔令国,潘超,等.风光储联合发电系统的建模及并网控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):196-204.Cai Guowei,Kong Lingguo,Pan Chao,et al.System modeling of wind-PV-ES hybrid power system and its control strategy fog grid-connected[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):196-204.
[8]Bhatt R,Chowdhury B.Grid frequency and voltage support using PV systems with energy storage[C]//North American Power Symposium,IEEE,Boston,2011:1-6.
[9]Datta M,Senjyu T,Yona A,et al.A frequency-control approach by photovoltaic generator in a PV-diesel hybrid power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2011,26(2):559-571.
[10]akimoto N,Takayama S,Satoh H,et al.Power modulation of photovoltaic generator for frequency control of power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2009,24(4):943-949.
[11]Omran W A,Kazerani M,Salama M M A.Investigation of methods for reduction of power fluctuations generated from large grid-connected photovoltaic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2011,26(1):318-327.
[12]Craciun B I,Kerekes T,Sera D,et al.Frequency support functions in large PV power plants with active power reserves[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging&Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2014,2(4):849-858.
[13]孙骁强,刘鑫,程松,等.光伏逆变器参与西北送端大电网快速频率响应能力实测分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2792-2798.Sun Xiaoqiang,Liu Xin,Cheng Song,et al.Actual measurement and analysis of fast frequency response capability of PV-inverters in northwest power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2792-2798.
[14]Pappu V A K,Chowdhury B,Bhatt R.Implementing frequency regulation capability in a solar photovoltaic power plant[C]//North American Power Symposium,IEEE,Arlington,2010:1-6.
[15]Liu Yun,Xin Huanhai,Wang Zhen,et al.Power control strategy for photovoltaic system based on the Newton quadratic interpolation[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2014,8(6):611-620.
[16]Xin Huanhai,Liu Yun,Wang Zhen,et al.A new frequency regulation strategy for photovoltaic systems without energy storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(4):985-993.
[17]Nanou S,Papakonstantinou A,Papathanassiou S.Control of a PV generator to maintain active power reserves during operation[C]//27th EU PVSEC,Frankfurt,Germany,2012:4059-4063.
[18]Nanou S I,Papakonstantinou A G,Papathanassiou SA.A generic model of two-stage grid-connected PVsystems with primary frequency response and inertia emulation[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,127:186-196.
[19]Batzelis E,Kampitsis G,Papathanassiou S.Power reserves control for PV systems with real-time MPPestimation via curve fitting[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(3):1269-1280.
[20]张冠锋,杨俊友,孙峰,等.基于虚拟惯量和频率下垂控制的双馈风电机组一次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):225-232.Zhang Guanfeng,Yang Junyou,Sun Feng,et al.Primary frequency regulation strategy of dfig based on virtual inertia and frequency droop control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):225-232.
[21]Tan Y,Meegahapola L,Muttaqi K M.A suboptimal power-point-tracking-based primary frequency response strategy for DFIGs in hybrid remote area power supply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):93-105.
[22]郑堃,周林,张前进,等.数字控制下光伏并网逆变器稳定性分析及参数优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(8):1802-1813.Zheng Kun,Zhou Lin,Zhang Qianjin,et al.Stability analysis and parameter optimization design of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under digital control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(8):1802-1813.
[23]张兴.太阳能光伏并网发电及其逆变控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[24]Villalva M G,Gazoli J R,Filho E R.Comprehensive approach to modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(5):1198-1208.
[25]Subudhi B,Pradhan R.A comparative study on maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,4(1):89-98.
[26]Kollimalla S K,Mishra M K.A novel adaptive P&OMPPT algorithm considering sudden changes in the irradiance[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(3):602-610.
[27]Cristaldi L,Faifer M,Rossi M,et al.An improved model-based maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic panels[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation&Measurement,2013,63(1):63-71.
[28]Cristaldi L,Faifer M,Rossi M,et al.A simplified model of a photovoltaic panel[J].Instrumentation&Measurement Technology Conference,Graz,2012:431-436.
[29]Papathanassiou S A,Papadopoulos M P.Dynamic characteristics of autonomous wind-diesel systems[J].Renewable Energy,2001,23(2):293-311.