土壤消毒剂对香蕉枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定及其防病效果
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摘要
为筛选防治香蕉枯萎病的土壤消毒剂,采用含药培养基法测定了棉隆、1,3-二氯丙烯、异硫氰酸烯丙酯、环氧丙烷、戊二醛、三氯异氰尿酸和氯溴异氰尿酸7种土壤消毒剂对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubence race 4,简称Foc4)的室内毒力,且研究了抑菌作用最强的2种土壤消毒剂对香蕉枯萎病菌在土壤中消长动态的影响和香蕉苗的盆栽防病效果。结果表明,7种土壤消毒剂对Foc 4菌丝的生长均有一定程度抑制作用,且抑菌率随各土壤消毒剂浓度降低而减小。其中,在200μg/mL时,戊二醛和棉隆对Foc4菌和100%,EC50分别为52.50μg/mL和66.15μg/mL。在香蕉枯萎病菌土壤消长动态中,戊二醛的抑菌作用比棉隆更显著,土壤含菌量消减更快;当土壤含菌量达到稳定后,戊二醛处理的土壤含菌量为0.020×106CFU/g土,而棉隆处理的土壤含菌量为0.024×106CFU/g土。在盆栽防效方面,每株香蕉苗灌注40 mL浓度为2 000μg/mL的戊二醛时,防效最佳,达89.91%;而每株香蕉苗灌注20 mL浓度为500μg/mL的棉隆时,防效为79.41%。首次筛选出戊二醛作为防治香蕉枯萎病菌的土壤消毒剂。
In order to screen soil disinfectants for controlling banana fusarium wilt,the in vitro toxicity of 7 soil disinfectants including dazomet,1,3-dichloropropylene,allyl isothiocyanate,propylene oxide,glutaralde?hyde,trichloro-isocyanuric acid and chloroisobromine cyanuric acid to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubence race4(Foc4)were determined by using chemical-containing medium method,and the inhibitory effects on growth dynamics of Foc4 in soil and the Control effects on banana fusarium wilt of plantlets of two best disinfectants were investigated.The results showed that these 7 soil disinfectants had certain Inhibition to mycelial growth of Foc4,the inhibitory rates reduced with the decreasing concentrations of soil disinfectants.Among them glutaral?dehyde and dazomet at the concentration of 200 μg/mL had the best mycelial inhibitory rates of 80.24% and100% and their EC50 were 52.50 μg/mL and 66.15 μg/mL,respectively.In the growth dynamics of Foc4 in soil,the inhibitory effect of glutaraldehyde was more obvious than that of dazomet and the Foc4 content in soil treat?ed with glutaraldehyde decreased faster;and when the Foc4 content in soil was stable,the Foc4 content was0.020×106 CFU/g soil in the treatment of glutaraldehyde,whereas that was 0.024×106 CFU/g soil in the treat?ment of dazomet.In terms of disease control effects in pot experiment,the highest control effect of 89.91% was obtained from the treatment of 40 mL of glutaraldehyde at concentration of 2 000 μg/mL poured into each ba?nana plantlet;whereas the control effect was 79.41% when 20 mL of dazomet at concentration of 500 μg/mL was poured into each banana plantlet.This is the first report that glutaraldehyde was screened as a soil disinfec?tant to control banana fusarium wilt.
In order to screen soil disinfectants for controlling banana fusarium wilt,the in vitro toxicity of 7 soil disinfectants including dazomet,1,3-dichloropropylene,allyl isothiocyanate,propylene oxide,glutaralde?hyde,trichloro-isocyanuric acid and chloroisobromine cyanuric acid to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubence race4(Foc4)were determined by using chemical-containing medium method,and the inhibitory effects on growth dynamics of Foc4 in soil and the Control effects on banana fusarium wilt of plantlets of two best disinfectants were investigated.The results showed that these 7 soil disinfectants had certain Inhibition to mycelial growth of Foc4,the inhibitory rates reduced with the decreasing concentrations of soil disinfectants.Among them glutaral?dehyde and dazomet at the concentration of 200 μg/mL had the best mycelial inhibitory rates of 80.24% and100% and their EC50 were 52.50 μg/mL and 66.15 μg/mL,respectively.In the growth dynamics of Foc4 in soil,the inhibitory effect of glutaraldehyde was more obvious than that of dazomet and the Foc4 content in soil treat?ed with glutaraldehyde decreased faster;and when the Foc4 content in soil was stable,the Foc4 content was0.020×106 CFU/g soil in the treatment of glutaraldehyde,whereas that was 0.024×106 CFU/g soil in the treat?ment of dazomet.In terms of disease control effects in pot experiment,the highest control effect of 89.91% was obtained from the treatment of 40 mL of glutaraldehyde at concentration of 2 000 μg/mL poured into each ba?nana plantlet;whereas the control effect was 79.41% when 20 mL of dazomet at concentration of 500 μg/mL was poured into each banana plantlet.This is the first report that glutaraldehyde was screened as a soil disinfec?tant to control banana fusarium wilt.
引文
[1]Randy C,Ploet Z.Fusarium wilt of banana[J].Phytopathology,2015,105(12):1512-1521.
[2]戚佩坤.广东果树真菌病害[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:38-39.Qi P K.Fungal disease of fruit trees in Guangdong[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:38-39.
[3]Ploetz R C,Pegg K G.Fusarium wilt[M]//Jones D R.Diseases of banana,abacáand enset.UK:CABI Publishing,2000:143-159.
[4]许文耀,兀旭辉,林成辉.香蕉枯萎病菌粗毒素的毒性及其模型[J].热带作物学报,2004,25(4):25-29.Xu W Y,Wu X H,Lin C H.The toxicity of the crude toxin of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense and its model[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2004,25(4):25-29.
[5]农业部种植业管理司网站.农业部办公厅关于印发《全国农业植物检疫性有害生物分布行政区名录(2014)》和《各地区发生的全国农业植物检疫性有害生物名单(2014)》的通知[EB/OL].(2016-03-10)[2018-02-28].http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/gjzwbhgy/glzwyq/201603/t20160310_5048193.htm.
[6]王国芬,汪军,曹智淳,等.芽孢杆菌对香蕉枯萎病的防效评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(3):102-109.Wang G F,Wang J,Cao Z C,et al.Control effect of bacillus against banana fusarium wilt[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(3):102-109.
[7]Dong Z,Wang Z.Isolation and characterization of an exopolygalacturonase from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race1and race 4[J].BMC Biochemistry,2011,12(51):1471-2091.
[8]Stover R H,Buddenhagen I W.Banana breeding polyploidydisease resistance and productivity[J].Fruits,1986,41(3):175-191.
[9]覃柳燕,周维,李朝生,等.拮抗镰刀菌香蕉枯萎病木霉菌株pz6分离鉴定及生物学特性研究[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(1):66-70.Tan L Y,Zhou W,Li C S,et al.Isolation identification and study of biological characteristics of strain pz6 against banana fusarium wilt[J].South China Fruits,2017,46(1):66-70.
[10]余超,肖荣凤,刘波,等.生防菌FJAT-346-PA的内生定殖特性及对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(6):493-498.Yu C,Xiao R F,Liu B,et al.Endophytic colonization of biocontrol bacterium FJAT-346-PA and its efficiency against banana fusarium wilt[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2010,37(6):493-498.
[11]周登博,井涛,张锡炎,等.香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其抑菌活性[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(6):913-921.Zhou D B,Jing T,Zhang X Y,et al.Screening and antibacterial activity of antagonistic bacteria against banana fusarium wilt disease[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2016,43(6):913-921.
[12]杨怀,刘玮,汤璐瑜,等.酸性氧化电位水与戊二醛消毒内镜临床观察[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2007,17(3):292-294.Yang H,Liu W,Tang L Y,et al.Disinfection of endoscope by EOW and glutaraldehyde:aclinical observation[J].Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology,2007,17(3):292-294.
[13]张天宝,肖远志,王延辉,等.复方戊二醛与邻苯二甲醛消毒剂对细菌芽孢杀灭效果的研究[J].中国消毒学杂志.2016,33(4):301-304.Zhang T B,Xiao Y Z,Wang Y H,et al.Study on sporicidal efficacy of potentiated glutaraldehyde disinfectants and orthophthalaldehyde[J].Chinese Journal Disinfection,2016,33(4):301-304.
[14]齐军山,辛志梅,李林,等.应用SPSS软件进行农药试验数据的统计分析[J].山东农业科学,2008(7):100-104.Qi J S,Xin Z M,Li L,et al.Data analysis of pesticide experiments using SPSS[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2008(7):100-104.
[15]张格成.果园农药使用指南[M].北京:金盾出版社,2001:106-110.Zhang G C.Guidelines for pesticide use in orchard[M].Beijing:Jindun Press,2001:106-110.
[16]黄国洋.农药试验技术与评价方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:44,110.Huang G Y.Pesticide testing techniques and evaluation methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:44,110.
[17]刘小玉,周登博,高祝芬,等.香蕉枯萎病土壤消毒剂的筛选[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(18):68-70.Liu X Y,Zhou D B,Gao Z F,et al.Selection of soil disinfection disinfectant against banana fusarium wilt[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,39(18):68-70.
[18]宋晓兵,彭埃天,凌金锋,等.三氯异氰尿酸对香蕉叶鞘腐烂病的抑制效果[J].植物保护,2016,42(1):235-237.Song X B,Peng A T,Ling J F,et al.Inhibitory effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid against banana sheath rot disease[J].Plant Protection,2016,42(1):235-237.
[19]曹坳程,褚世海,郭美霞,等.一种潜在的溴甲烷土壤消毒替代品:异硫氰酸烯丙酯[J].农药,2006,45(7):461-462.Cao A C,Zhu S H,Guo M X,et al.Allylisothiocyanate-a potential alternative for methylbromide in soil fumigation[J].Agrochemicals,2006,45(7):461-462.
[20]李丽,刘涛,张凡华,等.大豆疫霉检疫熏蒸处理技术初探[J].植物检疫,2013,27(1):21-24.Li L,Liu T,Zhang F H,et al.Study on the quarantine fumigation technology of Phytophthora sojae[J].Plant Quarantine,2013,27(1):21-24.
[21]郭立佳,杨腊英,彭军,等.不同药剂防治香蕉枯萎病效果评价[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(1):188-192.Guo L J,Yang L Y,Peng J,et al.Evaluation of control affection of fungicides on fusarium wilt of banana[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(1):188-192.
[22]邓晓,李勤奋,侯宪文,等.香蕉枯萎病患病与健康蕉园土壤微生物群落功能多样性的比较研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(2):355-362.Deng X,Li Q F,Hou X W,et al.A comparative study on the soil microbial community functional diversity of diseased banana plantations infected by banana fusarium wilt and those healthy ones[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(2):355-362.
[23]Shen Z,Zhong S,Wang Y,et al.Induced soil microbial suppression of banana fusarium wilt disease using compost and biofertilizers to improve yield and quality[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,57(4):1-8.
[24]Liu Y,Chen X,Jiang J,et al.Detection and dynamics of different carbendazim-resistance conferringβ-tubulin variants of Gibberella zeae collected from infected wheat heads and rice stubble in China[J].Pest Management Science,2013;70(8):1228-1236.
[25]戴大凯,贾晓静,武东霞,等.小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析:基于致病菌种类及所产毒素化学型鉴定和抗药性检出的时序性[J].农药学学报,2013,15(3):279-285.Dai D K,Jia X J,Wu D X,et al.Analysis of diffusion path of carbendazim-resistance population of Fusarium head blightbased on Fusarium species,mycotoxin chemotype and resistance timing[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2013,15(3):279-285.
[2]戚佩坤.广东果树真菌病害[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:38-39.Qi P K.Fungal disease of fruit trees in Guangdong[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:38-39.
[3]Ploetz R C,Pegg K G.Fusarium wilt[M]//Jones D R.Diseases of banana,abacáand enset.UK:CABI Publishing,2000:143-159.
[4]许文耀,兀旭辉,林成辉.香蕉枯萎病菌粗毒素的毒性及其模型[J].热带作物学报,2004,25(4):25-29.Xu W Y,Wu X H,Lin C H.The toxicity of the crude toxin of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense and its model[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2004,25(4):25-29.
[5]农业部种植业管理司网站.农业部办公厅关于印发《全国农业植物检疫性有害生物分布行政区名录(2014)》和《各地区发生的全国农业植物检疫性有害生物名单(2014)》的通知[EB/OL].(2016-03-10)[2018-02-28].http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/gjzwbhgy/glzwyq/201603/t20160310_5048193.htm.
[6]王国芬,汪军,曹智淳,等.芽孢杆菌对香蕉枯萎病的防效评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(3):102-109.Wang G F,Wang J,Cao Z C,et al.Control effect of bacillus against banana fusarium wilt[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(3):102-109.
[7]Dong Z,Wang Z.Isolation and characterization of an exopolygalacturonase from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race1and race 4[J].BMC Biochemistry,2011,12(51):1471-2091.
[8]Stover R H,Buddenhagen I W.Banana breeding polyploidydisease resistance and productivity[J].Fruits,1986,41(3):175-191.
[9]覃柳燕,周维,李朝生,等.拮抗镰刀菌香蕉枯萎病木霉菌株pz6分离鉴定及生物学特性研究[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(1):66-70.Tan L Y,Zhou W,Li C S,et al.Isolation identification and study of biological characteristics of strain pz6 against banana fusarium wilt[J].South China Fruits,2017,46(1):66-70.
[10]余超,肖荣凤,刘波,等.生防菌FJAT-346-PA的内生定殖特性及对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(6):493-498.Yu C,Xiao R F,Liu B,et al.Endophytic colonization of biocontrol bacterium FJAT-346-PA and its efficiency against banana fusarium wilt[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2010,37(6):493-498.
[11]周登博,井涛,张锡炎,等.香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其抑菌活性[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(6):913-921.Zhou D B,Jing T,Zhang X Y,et al.Screening and antibacterial activity of antagonistic bacteria against banana fusarium wilt disease[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2016,43(6):913-921.
[12]杨怀,刘玮,汤璐瑜,等.酸性氧化电位水与戊二醛消毒内镜临床观察[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2007,17(3):292-294.Yang H,Liu W,Tang L Y,et al.Disinfection of endoscope by EOW and glutaraldehyde:aclinical observation[J].Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology,2007,17(3):292-294.
[13]张天宝,肖远志,王延辉,等.复方戊二醛与邻苯二甲醛消毒剂对细菌芽孢杀灭效果的研究[J].中国消毒学杂志.2016,33(4):301-304.Zhang T B,Xiao Y Z,Wang Y H,et al.Study on sporicidal efficacy of potentiated glutaraldehyde disinfectants and orthophthalaldehyde[J].Chinese Journal Disinfection,2016,33(4):301-304.
[14]齐军山,辛志梅,李林,等.应用SPSS软件进行农药试验数据的统计分析[J].山东农业科学,2008(7):100-104.Qi J S,Xin Z M,Li L,et al.Data analysis of pesticide experiments using SPSS[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2008(7):100-104.
[15]张格成.果园农药使用指南[M].北京:金盾出版社,2001:106-110.Zhang G C.Guidelines for pesticide use in orchard[M].Beijing:Jindun Press,2001:106-110.
[16]黄国洋.农药试验技术与评价方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:44,110.Huang G Y.Pesticide testing techniques and evaluation methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:44,110.
[17]刘小玉,周登博,高祝芬,等.香蕉枯萎病土壤消毒剂的筛选[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(18):68-70.Liu X Y,Zhou D B,Gao Z F,et al.Selection of soil disinfection disinfectant against banana fusarium wilt[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,39(18):68-70.
[18]宋晓兵,彭埃天,凌金锋,等.三氯异氰尿酸对香蕉叶鞘腐烂病的抑制效果[J].植物保护,2016,42(1):235-237.Song X B,Peng A T,Ling J F,et al.Inhibitory effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid against banana sheath rot disease[J].Plant Protection,2016,42(1):235-237.
[19]曹坳程,褚世海,郭美霞,等.一种潜在的溴甲烷土壤消毒替代品:异硫氰酸烯丙酯[J].农药,2006,45(7):461-462.Cao A C,Zhu S H,Guo M X,et al.Allylisothiocyanate-a potential alternative for methylbromide in soil fumigation[J].Agrochemicals,2006,45(7):461-462.
[20]李丽,刘涛,张凡华,等.大豆疫霉检疫熏蒸处理技术初探[J].植物检疫,2013,27(1):21-24.Li L,Liu T,Zhang F H,et al.Study on the quarantine fumigation technology of Phytophthora sojae[J].Plant Quarantine,2013,27(1):21-24.
[21]郭立佳,杨腊英,彭军,等.不同药剂防治香蕉枯萎病效果评价[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(1):188-192.Guo L J,Yang L Y,Peng J,et al.Evaluation of control affection of fungicides on fusarium wilt of banana[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(1):188-192.
[22]邓晓,李勤奋,侯宪文,等.香蕉枯萎病患病与健康蕉园土壤微生物群落功能多样性的比较研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(2):355-362.Deng X,Li Q F,Hou X W,et al.A comparative study on the soil microbial community functional diversity of diseased banana plantations infected by banana fusarium wilt and those healthy ones[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(2):355-362.
[23]Shen Z,Zhong S,Wang Y,et al.Induced soil microbial suppression of banana fusarium wilt disease using compost and biofertilizers to improve yield and quality[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,57(4):1-8.
[24]Liu Y,Chen X,Jiang J,et al.Detection and dynamics of different carbendazim-resistance conferringβ-tubulin variants of Gibberella zeae collected from infected wheat heads and rice stubble in China[J].Pest Management Science,2013;70(8):1228-1236.
[25]戴大凯,贾晓静,武东霞,等.小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析:基于致病菌种类及所产毒素化学型鉴定和抗药性检出的时序性[J].农药学学报,2013,15(3):279-285.Dai D K,Jia X J,Wu D X,et al.Analysis of diffusion path of carbendazim-resistance population of Fusarium head blightbased on Fusarium species,mycotoxin chemotype and resistance timing[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2013,15(3):279-285.