煤层底板承压水导升监测系统研发与应用
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摘要
为深入分析底板导水通道的演化形成过程及承压水导升规律,自主研制了底板承压水导升监测系统,该系统由承压水加载系统、承压水导升系统组成。试验结果表明:承压水导升监测系统不仅可以较为精准地模拟含水层对底板岩体的力学作用,而且可直观地再现底板不同位置处承压水的导升情况;当采动压力峰值经过导升管所处位置后往往会造成该处水流量增加,并伴随底板岩体应力不断释放,承压水导升高度也随之增加,底板岩体卸荷程度与监测管出水量同步达到峰值。
In order to analyze the evolution process of the floor water channel and the law of confined water upflowing, the monitoring system for the floor confined water upflowing is developed independently. The system is composed of the loading system and the upflowing system of the confined water. The test results have shown that the monitoring system can not only accurately simulate the mechanical action of the aquifer on the floor rock, but also directly reproduce the confined water upflowing at different positions of the floor. When the peak of mining pressure passes through the position of the upflowing pipe, the water flow rate will often increase. At the same time, the upflowing height of the confined water will increase as the stress of floor rock is continuously released. The uploading degree of the floor rock reaches the peak value synchronously with the water output from the monitoring pipe.
In order to analyze the evolution process of the floor water channel and the law of confined water upflowing, the monitoring system for the floor confined water upflowing is developed independently. The system is composed of the loading system and the upflowing system of the confined water. The test results have shown that the monitoring system can not only accurately simulate the mechanical action of the aquifer on the floor rock, but also directly reproduce the confined water upflowing at different positions of the floor. When the peak of mining pressure passes through the position of the upflowing pipe, the water flow rate will often increase. At the same time, the upflowing height of the confined water will increase as the stress of floor rock is continuously released. The uploading degree of the floor rock reaches the peak value synchronously with the water output from the monitoring pipe.
引文
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[19]李志超,李连崇,唐春安.煤层底板陷落柱突水过程及其影响因素数值分析[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(10):162-165.LI Zhichao,LI Lianchong,TANG Chun’an.Numerical analysis of water inrush process for coal seam floor collapse column and related factors[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(10):162-165.
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[22]陆银龙,王连国.含断层煤层底板损伤破坏演化数值模拟及微震监测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):38-44.LU Yinlong,WANG Lianguo.Modeling and microseismic monitoring of damage and failure evolution of faulty coal seam floor[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):38-44.
[23]张培森,颜伟,张文泉,等.固液耦合模式下含断层缺陷煤层回采诱发底板损伤及断层活化突水机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(5):877-889.ZHANG Peisen,YAN Wei,ZHANG Wenquan,et al.Study on factors influencing groundwater inrush induced by backstopping of a coal seam with a hidden fault[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(5):877-889.
[24]刘福明,才庆祥,周伟,等.露天矿排土场边坡降水入渗规律试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1534-1540.LIU Fuming,CAI Qingxiang,ZHOU Wei,et al.Experimental study on the rainfall infiltration rule in the dump slope of surface mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1534-1540.
[25]程志恒,齐庆新,李宏艳,等.近距离煤层群叠加开采采动应力-裂隙动态演化特征实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):367-375.CHENG Zhiheng,QI Qingxin,LI Hongyan,et al.Evolution of the superimposed mining induced stressfissure field under extracting of close distance coal seam group[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):367-375.
[26]姚琦,冯涛,王卫军,等.矿山开采相似材料配比及力学试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(6):2129-2134.YAO Qi,FENG Tao,WANG Weijun,et al.On preparing the materials as close as possible in the experimental ratio and mechanical properties with those gained from mining[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(6):2129-2134.
[27]ZHANG P S,KAN Z H,YAN W,et al.Experimental study on the stability of surrounding soft rocks of gob-side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving[J].Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2018,118(5):481-492.
[2]依尔熙丁A M,勃洛克米来尔МБ,露帕匹耐依КВ.用相似材料模型的方法研究矿山压力[J].北京矿业学院学报,1958(总第14期):28-48.
[3]孙文斌,张士川,李杨杨,等.流固耦合相似模拟材料研制及深部突水模拟试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):2665-2670.SUN Wenbin,ZHANG Shichuan,LI Yangyang,et al.Development application of solid-fluid coupling similar material for floor strata and simulation test of waterinrush in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 1):2665-2670.
[4]张士川,郭惟嘉,孙文斌,等.深部开采隐伏构造扩展活化及突水试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3111-3120.ZHANG Shichuan,GUO Weijia,SUN Wenbin,et al.Experimental research on extended activation and water inrush of concealed structure in deep mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3111-3120.
[5]陈军涛,尹立明,孙文斌,等.深部新型固流耦合相似材料的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):3956-3964.CHEN Juntao,YIN Liming,SUN Wenbin,et al.Development and application for new solid-fluid coupling similar material of deep floor aquifuge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):3956-3964.
[6]冯梅梅,茅献彪,白海波,等.承压水上开采煤层底板隔水层裂隙演化规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):336-341.FENG Meimei,MAO Xianbiao,BAI Haibo,et al.Experimental research on fracture evolution law of water-resisting strata in coal seam floor above aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):336-341.
[7]崔景昆,孙守新,谷客磊,等.承压水上带压开采底板突水相似模拟试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(11):129-131.CUI Jingkun,SUN Shouxin,GU Kelei,et al.Similar simulation test for under press and above aquifer mining floor water inrush[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(11):129-131.
[8]李术才,李利平,李树忱,等.地下工程突涌水物理模拟试验系统的研制及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):299-304.LI Shucai,LI Liping,LI Shuchen,et al.Development and application of similar physical model test system for water inrush of underground engineering[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):299-304.
[9]刘爱华,彭述权,李夕兵,等.深部开采承压突水机制相似物理模型试验系统研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1335-1341.LIU Aihua,PENG Shuquan,LI Xibing,et al.Development and application of similar physical model experiment system for water inrush mechanism in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1335-1341.
[10]弓培林,胡耀青,赵阳升,等.带压开采底板变形破坏规律的三维相似模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(23):4396-4402.GONG Peilin,HU Yaoqing,ZHAO Yangsheng,et al.Three-dimensional simulation study on law of deformation and breakage of coal floor on mining above aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(23):4396-4402.
[11]朱光丽,张文泉,张贵彬,等.采动诱发断层活化导水试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3163-3172.ZHU Guangli,ZHANG Wenquan,ZHANG Guibin,et al.Experimental study on fault activation conducting water inrush[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3163-3172.
[12]张培森,杨健,王明辉,等.固液耦合模式下采动诱发断层活化及突水的试验研究[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(3):24-27.ZHANG Peisen,YANG Jian,WANG Minghui,et al.Experimental research on fault activation and water inrush induced by mining under solid-liquid coupling mode[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(3):24-27.
[13]王经明.承压水沿煤层底板递进导升突水机理的模拟与观测[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):546-549.WANG Jingming.In-situ measurement and physical analogue on water inrush from coal floor induced by progressive intrusion of artesian water into protective aquiclude[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):546-549.
[14]吴基文,童宏树,童世杰,等.断层带岩体采动效应的相似材料模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4170-4175.WU Jiwen,TONG Hongshu,TONG Shijie,et al.Study on similar material for simulation of mining effect of rock mass at fault zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Sup 2):4170-4175.
[15]王家臣,李见波,徐高明.导水陷落柱突水模拟试验台研制及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):305-309.WANG Jiachen,LI Jianbo,XU Gaoming.Development and application of simulation test system for water inrush from the water-conducting collapse column[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):305-309.
[16]乔伟,胡戈,李文平.综放开采断层活化突水渗-流转换试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):30-37.QIAO Wei,HU Ge,LI Wenping.Experimental study on the conversion from seepage to flow of water inrush aroused by fault activation in fully mechanized top-coal caving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):30-37.
[17]姜耀东,吕玉凯,赵毅鑫,等.承压水上开采工作面底板破坏规律相似模拟试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1571-1578.JIANG Yaodong,LYU Yukai,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Similar simulation test for breakage law of working face floor in coal mining above aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1571-1578.
[18]李连崇,唐春安,梁正召,等.煤层底板陷落柱活化突水过程的数值模拟[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):158-162.LI Lianchong,TANG Chun’an,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Numerical simulation on water inrush process due to activation of collapse columns in coal seam floor[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):158-162.
[19]李志超,李连崇,唐春安.煤层底板陷落柱突水过程及其影响因素数值分析[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(10):162-165.LI Zhichao,LI Lianchong,TANG Chun’an.Numerical analysis of water inrush process for coal seam floor collapse column and related factors[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(10):162-165.
[20]陈亮亮,王恩营,廉有轩.煤层底板隐伏断层突水危险性数值模拟分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(增刊1):41-44.CHEN Liangliang,WANG Enying,LIAN Youxuan.Numerical simulation analysis of water inrush risk of buried faults in coal seam floor[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(Sup 1):41-44.
[21]黄存捍,黄俊杰,李振华.煤层底板隐伏小断层突水数值模拟[J].煤矿安全,2013,44(10):24-26.HUANG Cunhan,HUANG Junjie,LI Zhenhua.The water inrush numerical simulation of minor faults concealed in coal seam floor[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2013,44(10):24-26.
[22]陆银龙,王连国.含断层煤层底板损伤破坏演化数值模拟及微震监测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):38-44.LU Yinlong,WANG Lianguo.Modeling and microseismic monitoring of damage and failure evolution of faulty coal seam floor[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):38-44.
[23]张培森,颜伟,张文泉,等.固液耦合模式下含断层缺陷煤层回采诱发底板损伤及断层活化突水机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(5):877-889.ZHANG Peisen,YAN Wei,ZHANG Wenquan,et al.Study on factors influencing groundwater inrush induced by backstopping of a coal seam with a hidden fault[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(5):877-889.
[24]刘福明,才庆祥,周伟,等.露天矿排土场边坡降水入渗规律试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1534-1540.LIU Fuming,CAI Qingxiang,ZHOU Wei,et al.Experimental study on the rainfall infiltration rule in the dump slope of surface mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1534-1540.
[25]程志恒,齐庆新,李宏艳,等.近距离煤层群叠加开采采动应力-裂隙动态演化特征实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):367-375.CHENG Zhiheng,QI Qingxin,LI Hongyan,et al.Evolution of the superimposed mining induced stressfissure field under extracting of close distance coal seam group[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):367-375.
[26]姚琦,冯涛,王卫军,等.矿山开采相似材料配比及力学试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(6):2129-2134.YAO Qi,FENG Tao,WANG Weijun,et al.On preparing the materials as close as possible in the experimental ratio and mechanical properties with those gained from mining[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(6):2129-2134.
[27]ZHANG P S,KAN Z H,YAN W,et al.Experimental study on the stability of surrounding soft rocks of gob-side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving[J].Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2018,118(5):481-492.