干热河谷旱季3种典型植被恢复树种光合生理特征
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摘要
【目的】本文探索了干热河谷典型造林树种的光合特性。【方法】采用LI-6400光合测量系统测定、比较研究了辣木(Morin-ga oleifera)、银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)和罗望子(Tamarindus indica)叶片主要光合参数随有效光合辐射的变化特征,探讨3树种的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率特征差异。【结果】3种树种的Pn和Gs对PAR变化表现出不同的响应规律;弱光条件下(PAR <500μmol·m-2·s-1),3树种Pn随PAR增加迅速升高,但罗望子Pn升高速率较慢,辣木Pn上升速率最快,叶片Pn整体表现为辣木>银合欢>罗望子;辣木和银合欢具有较高的光饱和点,而银合欢和罗望子光补偿点较低; 3树种表观量子效率(AQY)总体上处在正常范围内,但辣木和银合欢AQY显著高于罗望子(P <0. 05);罗望子的叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)显著低于银合欢和辣木(P <0.05),3树种的WUE整体表现为辣木>罗望子>银合欢。【结论】考虑到干热河谷区银合欢高蒸腾、低水分利用效率特征以及其潜在的入侵植物危害属性,今后干热河谷植被恢复物种筛选应谨慎选择银合欢。
【Objective】This paper aimed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics of three typical afforestation tree species in dry-hot valley.【Method】LI-6400 was applied to measure the main photosynthetic parameters against photosynthetically active radiation( PAR) of Moringa oleifera,Tamarindus indica and Leucaena leucocephala,and the transpiration and water use efficiency( WUE) were also discussed.【Result】The Pnand Gsof 3 species showed different responses to PAR variations. Under weak light zone( PAR < 500 μmol·m-2 s-1),the Pnof three tree species increased rapidly with PAR,but the increase rates were relatively lower for T. indica and higher for M. oleifera.Generally,the Pnof three species were in order of M. oleifera > L. leucocephala > T. indica. M. oleifera,and L. leucocephala had higher light saturation point,while L. leucocephala and T. indica possessed lower light compensation points. The apparent quantum efficiency( AQY) of 3 species were generally within the normal range,but the AQY of M. oleifera and L. leucocephala were significantly higher than that of T. indica( P < 0. 05). The transpiration rate of T. indica was significantly lower than that of M. oleifera and L. leucocephala( P <0. 05),and the WUE of 3 species were in order of M. oleifera > T. indica > L. leucocephala. 【Conclusion】With high transpiration,low water use efficiency and potential harm characteristic of invasive plant,L. leucocephala should be carefully selected as vegetation restoration specie in the dry-hot valleys.
【Objective】This paper aimed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics of three typical afforestation tree species in dry-hot valley.【Method】LI-6400 was applied to measure the main photosynthetic parameters against photosynthetically active radiation( PAR) of Moringa oleifera,Tamarindus indica and Leucaena leucocephala,and the transpiration and water use efficiency( WUE) were also discussed.【Result】The Pnand Gsof 3 species showed different responses to PAR variations. Under weak light zone( PAR < 500 μmol·m-2 s-1),the Pnof three tree species increased rapidly with PAR,but the increase rates were relatively lower for T. indica and higher for M. oleifera.Generally,the Pnof three species were in order of M. oleifera > L. leucocephala > T. indica. M. oleifera,and L. leucocephala had higher light saturation point,while L. leucocephala and T. indica possessed lower light compensation points. The apparent quantum efficiency( AQY) of 3 species were generally within the normal range,but the AQY of M. oleifera and L. leucocephala were significantly higher than that of T. indica( P < 0. 05). The transpiration rate of T. indica was significantly lower than that of M. oleifera and L. leucocephala( P <0. 05),and the WUE of 3 species were in order of M. oleifera > T. indica > L. leucocephala. 【Conclusion】With high transpiration,low water use efficiency and potential harm characteristic of invasive plant,L. leucocephala should be carefully selected as vegetation restoration specie in the dry-hot valleys.
引文
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[11]高洁,曹坤芳,王焕校,等.干热河谷主要造林树种光合作用光抑制的防御机制[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(3):286-291.
[12]陈根云,俞冠路,陈悦,等.光合作用对光和二氧化碳响应的观测方法探讨[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(6):691-696.
[13]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:130-131.
[14]周海燕,黄子琛.不同时期毛乌素沙区主要植物种光合作用和蒸腾作用的变化[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(2):120-131.
[15]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3888.
[16]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学报,2005,22(b08):118-127.
[17]胡红玲,张摇健,万雪琴,等.巨桉与5种木本植物幼树的耗水特性及水分利用效率的比较[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3873-3882.
[2]高柱,王小玲,余发新,等.干热河谷牛角瓜光合特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014(3):19-23.
[3]段爱国,崔永忠,张建国,等.干热河谷植被恢复树种光合与水分生理特性的灌溉效应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(12):112-118.
[4]宗亦臣,郑勇奇,张川红,等.元谋干热河谷地区新银合欢天然更新的初步调查[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):135-138.
[5]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[6]Ye Z P. A new model for relationship between irradiance and the rateof photosynthesis in Oryza sativa[J]. Photosynthetica,2007,45(4):637-640.
[7]叶子飘,于强.光合作用光响应模型的比较[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1356-1361.
[8]周晓兵,张元明,王莎莎,等.模拟氮沉降和干旱对准噶尔盆地两种一年生荒漠植物生长和光合生理的影响[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(12):1394-1403.
[9]Odee D. Forest biotechnology research in drylands of Kenya:the de-velopment of Moringa species[J]. Dryl and Biodiversity,1998(2):7-8.
[10]王瑞丽,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.气孔特征与叶片功能性状之间关联性沿海拔梯度的变化规律―以长白山为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2175-2184.
[11]高洁,曹坤芳,王焕校,等.干热河谷主要造林树种光合作用光抑制的防御机制[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(3):286-291.
[12]陈根云,俞冠路,陈悦,等.光合作用对光和二氧化碳响应的观测方法探讨[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(6):691-696.
[13]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:130-131.
[14]周海燕,黄子琛.不同时期毛乌素沙区主要植物种光合作用和蒸腾作用的变化[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(2):120-131.
[15]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3888.
[16]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学报,2005,22(b08):118-127.
[17]胡红玲,张摇健,万雪琴,等.巨桉与5种木本植物幼树的耗水特性及水分利用效率的比较[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3873-3882.