西沙地区XK-1井主要造礁生物特征及生物礁环境演化
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摘要
生物礁为南海周边区域重要的油气储层类型,本次基于XK-1井岩心及薄片中主要造礁生物种类、数量、分布规律与生态特征的分析,开展了西沙地区中新世以来碳酸盐岩-生物礁演化过程的研究,并推测了盆地内生物礁的发育特征。研究认为西沙地区中新世以来主要发育珊瑚、钙藻及苔藓虫三类造礁生物,同时,根据其分布特征,结合建立的礁、滩复合体沉积模式将XK-1井中新世以来的沉积环境划分为13个演化阶段。提出伴随着海平面的上升,造礁生物有从珊瑚逐渐向钙藻及苔藓虫演变的趋势,而伴随着海平面的下降,造礁生物又从钙藻和苔藓虫逐渐向珊瑚演变。明确了该区中新世以来发育早中新世三亚组一段沉积时期、晚中新统黄流组沉积时期、上新统莺歌海组沉积晚期至第四纪乐东组沉积时期3个主要造礁期和早中新世三亚组二段沉积早期、中中新世梅山组沉积中期2个次要造礁期。
Biogenetic Reefs are one of the most important oil and gas reservoirs in the South China Sea.Based on the characteristics of biological species,quantity,distribution and ecological features of main reef-building organisms revealed by the cores and slices of the Well XK-1,we studied in this paper the evolutionary history of reefs and related carbonate deposits of the Xisha Islands since Miocene.Data suggest that corals,calcareous algae and bryozoans are the three major reef-building organisms in the Islands since Miocene.According to their distribution pattern,combined with the established depositional model of the reef-beach complex,the environmental evolution of the islands is subdivided into13 stages since Miocene by the authors.Data also suggests that reef-building organisms show a trend of evolution from corals to calcareous algae and bryozoans when the sea-level is rising,and vice versa.There are three major and two subordinate reef-building periods in the Xisha Islands since Miocene.The three major ones are the depositional period of the 1 st Member of the Sanya Formation in early Miocene,the depositional period of the Huangliu Formation in Late Miocene,and the late stage of the Yinggehai Formation in Pliocene to the deposition period of the Ledong Formation in Quaternary,The two subordinate periods are the early stage of the 2 nd Member of the Sanya Formation in early Miocene and the Middle stage of the Meishan Formation in Middle Miocene respectively.
Biogenetic Reefs are one of the most important oil and gas reservoirs in the South China Sea.Based on the characteristics of biological species,quantity,distribution and ecological features of main reef-building organisms revealed by the cores and slices of the Well XK-1,we studied in this paper the evolutionary history of reefs and related carbonate deposits of the Xisha Islands since Miocene.Data suggest that corals,calcareous algae and bryozoans are the three major reef-building organisms in the Islands since Miocene.According to their distribution pattern,combined with the established depositional model of the reef-beach complex,the environmental evolution of the islands is subdivided into13 stages since Miocene by the authors.Data also suggests that reef-building organisms show a trend of evolution from corals to calcareous algae and bryozoans when the sea-level is rising,and vice versa.There are three major and two subordinate reef-building periods in the Xisha Islands since Miocene.The three major ones are the depositional period of the 1 st Member of the Sanya Formation in early Miocene,the depositional period of the Huangliu Formation in Late Miocene,and the late stage of the Yinggehai Formation in Pliocene to the deposition period of the Ledong Formation in Quaternary,The two subordinate periods are the early stage of the 2 nd Member of the Sanya Formation in early Miocene and the Middle stage of the Meishan Formation in Middle Miocene respectively.
引文
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[16]杨振,吴时国,吕福亮,等.西沙海区晚新生代碳酸盐台地的发育模式及控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(5):47-55.[YANG Zhen,WU Shiguo,LV Fuliang,et al.Evolutionary model and control factors of late Cenozoic carbonate platform in Xisha Area[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014,34(5):47-55.]
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