农业文化遗产地“三产”融合度评价——以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统为例
|
摘要
工业化和城市化过程中,城乡经济差距日益拉大,农村衰落已成为城市化过程中各国面临的共同问题。2015年中央政府提出了"农村一二三产业融合发展"推动农村经济发展的政策,引起了众多学科研究者从不同角度开展研究,但相关研究多以理论探讨为主。农业文化遗产地作为一个以遗产保护为前提的特殊农村地区,如何推动一二三产业(下称"三产")融合发展,如何量化"三产"融合度,研究尚待深入。基于对农业文化遗产特点、资源特征以及农业文化遗产保护要求等方面的分析,阐释了农业文化遗产地"三产"融合发展的概念和内涵,并构建了由产业融合度与劳动力融合度组成的农业文化遗产地"三产"融合度评价方法体系及具体核算方法。以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统十大片区所在的8个乡镇为对象进行评价,结果表明,产业融合度分项指数间越均衡则产业融合度越高;各乡镇分项指数和产业融合度的数值皆很小,有巨大的"三产"融合发展空间;新街镇一二三产业的劳动力融合度领先,其中第三产业贡献率最大;农业文化遗产地"三产"的产业融合与劳动力融合有较高的正相关性(r=0.67),显著水平在10%以下(P=0.069<0.1)。推动"三产"融合发展可以有效促进农民在本地就业,对于保护农业文化遗产有着重要意义。
With industrialization and urbanization, the economic gap between rural areas and urban areas is widening. The rural decline has become a problem facing most of the countries.Under this background, the policy of industrial integration development was proposed by the central government of China, aiming at propelling rural economic development. The policy attracted researchers from different disciplines to conduct research from different perspectives.However, most studies have just explored the theories of industrial integration in rural areas,and the quantified case studies are still hardly found. Especially for the Important Agricultural Heritage System(IAHS) Sites as a special rural area, how to promote the development of industrial integration and how to quantify the integration level among primary, secondary and tertiary industries is poorly documented. Thus, in this study, considering the characteristics,resource features and protection demands of IAHS sites, we proposed the concept and connotation of industrial integration development in IAHS sites, and set up an evaluation methodology consisting of industrial integration degree(IID) and labor integration degree(LID) and calculation methods. Taking the eight towns in the Honghe Hani rice terraced systems site, Yunnan as an example, we evaluated the IID and LID of each town. The results are shown as follows. The more balance among the sub-indices of IID and LID of each town,the higher the industrial integration level; all the sub-indices of IID and LID of each town are very small, and a huge development space exists for every town. In the eight towns, Xinjie Township has a highest IID and LID due to the biggest contribution from the tertiary industry;a highly positive correlation is between the IID and the LID of each township(r=0.67), which is below 10% in significance level(P=0.069<0.1). In conclusion, in IAHS sites, integrated industrial development can enhance the employment percentage of local people.
With industrialization and urbanization, the economic gap between rural areas and urban areas is widening. The rural decline has become a problem facing most of the countries.Under this background, the policy of industrial integration development was proposed by the central government of China, aiming at propelling rural economic development. The policy attracted researchers from different disciplines to conduct research from different perspectives.However, most studies have just explored the theories of industrial integration in rural areas,and the quantified case studies are still hardly found. Especially for the Important Agricultural Heritage System(IAHS) Sites as a special rural area, how to promote the development of industrial integration and how to quantify the integration level among primary, secondary and tertiary industries is poorly documented. Thus, in this study, considering the characteristics,resource features and protection demands of IAHS sites, we proposed the concept and connotation of industrial integration development in IAHS sites, and set up an evaluation methodology consisting of industrial integration degree(IID) and labor integration degree(LID) and calculation methods. Taking the eight towns in the Honghe Hani rice terraced systems site, Yunnan as an example, we evaluated the IID and LID of each town. The results are shown as follows. The more balance among the sub-indices of IID and LID of each town,the higher the industrial integration level; all the sub-indices of IID and LID of each town are very small, and a huge development space exists for every town. In the eight towns, Xinjie Township has a highest IID and LID due to the biggest contribution from the tertiary industry;a highly positive correlation is between the IID and the LID of each township(r=0.67), which is below 10% in significance level(P=0.069<0.1). In conclusion, in IAHS sites, integrated industrial development can enhance the employment percentage of local people.
引文
[1] CASTONGUAY S. The transformation of agricultural research in France:The introduction of the American system. Minerva, 2005, 43(3):265-287.
[2] BRASSLEY P. Agricultural research in Britain, 1850-1914:Failure, success and development. Annals of Science, 1995,52(5):465-480.
[3] EJETA G. Revitalizing agricultural research for global food security. Food Security, 2009, 1(4):391-401.
[4] SPIERTZ J H J, KROPFF M J. Adaptations of knowledge systems to changes in agriculture and society:The case of the Netherlands. Njas Wageningen. Journal of Life Sciences, 2011, 58(1-2):1-10.
[5] DAVIS J H, GOLDBERG R A."A concept of agribusiness"division of research, graduate school of business administration, Harvard University, Boston, 1957, 136. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1957, 39(4):1042-1045
[6] RICKETTS C, RICKETTS K. Agribusiness Fundamentals and Applications. America:Delmar Cengage Learning, 2008:4-5.
[7]姜长云.日本的“六次产业化”与我国推进农村一二三产业融合发展.农业经济与管理, 2015,(3):5-10.[JIANG C Y."The Sixth-industrialization for Agriculture"in Japan and promoting the industrial integration-development among rural first industry, second industry, and the third industry in China. Agricultural Economics and Management, 2015,(3):5-10.]
[8] NAKANO K. The"sixth industrialization"for Japanese agricultural development. Journal of Ritsumeikan University,2014, 63:314-326.
[9]牛若峰.农业产业一体化经营的理论与实践.北京:农业科技出版社, 1998.[NIU R F. Agricultural Industry Integration Management Theory and Practices. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1998.]
[10]赵海.论农村一二三三产融合发展.农村经营管理, 2015,(7):26-29.[ZHAO H, Integration development of industries in rural villages. Rural Management and Administration, 2015,(7):26-29.]
[11]苏毅清,游玉婷,王志刚.农村一二三产业融合发展:理论探讨、现状分析与对策建议.中国软科学, 2016,(8):17-28.[SU Y Q, YOU Y T, WANG Z G. Convergence development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries:Theoretical discussion, situation analysis and suggestions. China Soft Science, 2016,(8):17-28.]
[12]姜长云.推进农村一二三产业融合发展新题应有新解法.中国发展观察, 2015,(2):18-22.[JIANG Y C. A new solution for the new topic of promoting industrial integration development. China Development Observation, 2015,(2):18-22.]
[13]徐义强,李凯冬.农业文化遗产红河哈尼梯田保护与开发刍议.农业考古, 2013,(1):279-281.[XU Y Q, LI K D. Protection and development of Hani terraced agricultural cultural heritage in Honghe county. Agricultural Archaeology,2013,(1):279-281.]
[14]张建国,何方,肖胜和,等.基于农业文化遗产保护的江南梯田旅游发展探索:以浙江梅源梯田为例.中南林业科技大学学报, 2011, 31(3):47-53.[ZHANG J G, HE F, XIAO S H, et al. Tourism development for terraced fields in the regions south of the Yangtze River from the perspective of agricultural heritage preservation:Taking Meiyuan terraced fields of Zhejiang as case example. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology, 2011, 31(3):47-53.]
[15]韩秀记.生存与发展:民俗村的二难选择:云南民俗村调查.社会科学研究, 2010,(3):101-106.[HAN X J. Survival and development:Conflicting choice of folk village:A survey on folk villages in Yunnan province. Social Science Research, 2010,(3):101-106.]
[16]宗路平,角媛梅,李石华,等.哈尼梯田遗产区乡村聚落景观及其演变:以云南元阳全福庄中寨为例.热带地理,2014, 34(1):66-75.[ZONG L P, JIAO Y M, LI S H, et al. The rural settlement landscape and its evolution in Hani rice terrace culture landscape areas:A case study of the Quanfuzhuang middle village, Yuanyang county, Yunnan. Tropical Geography, 2014, 34(1):66-75.]
[17]杨伦,刘某承,闵庆文,等.哈尼梯田地区农户粮食作物种植结构及驱动力分析.自然资源学报, 2017, 32(1):26-39.[YANG L, LIU M C, MIN Q W, et al. An analysis on crop choice and its driving factors in Hani Rice Terraces. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(1):26-39.]
[18]张永勋,闵庆文.稻作梯田农业文化遗产系统保护研究综述.中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(4):460-469.[ZHANG Y X, MIN Q W. A review of conservation of rice terraces as agricultural heritage systems. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture, 2016, 24(4):460-469.]
[2] BRASSLEY P. Agricultural research in Britain, 1850-1914:Failure, success and development. Annals of Science, 1995,52(5):465-480.
[3] EJETA G. Revitalizing agricultural research for global food security. Food Security, 2009, 1(4):391-401.
[4] SPIERTZ J H J, KROPFF M J. Adaptations of knowledge systems to changes in agriculture and society:The case of the Netherlands. Njas Wageningen. Journal of Life Sciences, 2011, 58(1-2):1-10.
[5] DAVIS J H, GOLDBERG R A."A concept of agribusiness"division of research, graduate school of business administration, Harvard University, Boston, 1957, 136. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1957, 39(4):1042-1045
[6] RICKETTS C, RICKETTS K. Agribusiness Fundamentals and Applications. America:Delmar Cengage Learning, 2008:4-5.
[7]姜长云.日本的“六次产业化”与我国推进农村一二三产业融合发展.农业经济与管理, 2015,(3):5-10.[JIANG C Y."The Sixth-industrialization for Agriculture"in Japan and promoting the industrial integration-development among rural first industry, second industry, and the third industry in China. Agricultural Economics and Management, 2015,(3):5-10.]
[8] NAKANO K. The"sixth industrialization"for Japanese agricultural development. Journal of Ritsumeikan University,2014, 63:314-326.
[9]牛若峰.农业产业一体化经营的理论与实践.北京:农业科技出版社, 1998.[NIU R F. Agricultural Industry Integration Management Theory and Practices. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1998.]
[10]赵海.论农村一二三三产融合发展.农村经营管理, 2015,(7):26-29.[ZHAO H, Integration development of industries in rural villages. Rural Management and Administration, 2015,(7):26-29.]
[11]苏毅清,游玉婷,王志刚.农村一二三产业融合发展:理论探讨、现状分析与对策建议.中国软科学, 2016,(8):17-28.[SU Y Q, YOU Y T, WANG Z G. Convergence development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries:Theoretical discussion, situation analysis and suggestions. China Soft Science, 2016,(8):17-28.]
[12]姜长云.推进农村一二三产业融合发展新题应有新解法.中国发展观察, 2015,(2):18-22.[JIANG Y C. A new solution for the new topic of promoting industrial integration development. China Development Observation, 2015,(2):18-22.]
[13]徐义强,李凯冬.农业文化遗产红河哈尼梯田保护与开发刍议.农业考古, 2013,(1):279-281.[XU Y Q, LI K D. Protection and development of Hani terraced agricultural cultural heritage in Honghe county. Agricultural Archaeology,2013,(1):279-281.]
[14]张建国,何方,肖胜和,等.基于农业文化遗产保护的江南梯田旅游发展探索:以浙江梅源梯田为例.中南林业科技大学学报, 2011, 31(3):47-53.[ZHANG J G, HE F, XIAO S H, et al. Tourism development for terraced fields in the regions south of the Yangtze River from the perspective of agricultural heritage preservation:Taking Meiyuan terraced fields of Zhejiang as case example. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology, 2011, 31(3):47-53.]
[15]韩秀记.生存与发展:民俗村的二难选择:云南民俗村调查.社会科学研究, 2010,(3):101-106.[HAN X J. Survival and development:Conflicting choice of folk village:A survey on folk villages in Yunnan province. Social Science Research, 2010,(3):101-106.]
[16]宗路平,角媛梅,李石华,等.哈尼梯田遗产区乡村聚落景观及其演变:以云南元阳全福庄中寨为例.热带地理,2014, 34(1):66-75.[ZONG L P, JIAO Y M, LI S H, et al. The rural settlement landscape and its evolution in Hani rice terrace culture landscape areas:A case study of the Quanfuzhuang middle village, Yuanyang county, Yunnan. Tropical Geography, 2014, 34(1):66-75.]
[17]杨伦,刘某承,闵庆文,等.哈尼梯田地区农户粮食作物种植结构及驱动力分析.自然资源学报, 2017, 32(1):26-39.[YANG L, LIU M C, MIN Q W, et al. An analysis on crop choice and its driving factors in Hani Rice Terraces. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(1):26-39.]
[18]张永勋,闵庆文.稻作梯田农业文化遗产系统保护研究综述.中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(4):460-469.[ZHANG Y X, MIN Q W. A review of conservation of rice terraces as agricultural heritage systems. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture, 2016, 24(4):460-469.]