大气氮沉降对三峡库区消落带土壤呼吸的影响
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摘要
以三峡库区消落带落干期土壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟培养的方法,探讨了大气氮沉降通量及其组成对土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,土壤呼吸速率对氮添加的响应为短期效应.1倍当前大气氮沉降添加下,无机氮和有机氮对土壤累积CO_2释放分别表现为无影响和抑制作用.除NH_4~+-N在2倍氮沉降添加下表现为抑制作用外, 2、3倍氮沉降添加均促进了土壤累积CO_2释放.与硝态氮相比, 2、3倍氮沉降添加的铵态氮对土壤累积CO_2释放具有抑制作用.
An indoor incubation experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil respiration of water level fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The results showed that the response of soil respiration rate to nitrogen addition was a short term effect. Under the present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux, soil cumulative CO_2 release was not changed by inorganic nitrogen addition, while, it was inhibited by organic nitrogen addition. Except soil cumulative CO_2 release was depressed by ammonium addition of double present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux, it was promoted by all the simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition composition under both double and triple present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux. Compared with ammonium, nitrate was more conducive for promoting cumulative CO_2 release under double and triple present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux.
An indoor incubation experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil respiration of water level fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The results showed that the response of soil respiration rate to nitrogen addition was a short term effect. Under the present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux, soil cumulative CO_2 release was not changed by inorganic nitrogen addition, while, it was inhibited by organic nitrogen addition. Except soil cumulative CO_2 release was depressed by ammonium addition of double present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux, it was promoted by all the simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition composition under both double and triple present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux. Compared with ammonium, nitrate was more conducive for promoting cumulative CO_2 release under double and triple present atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux.
引文
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[29]Nelson D W,Sommers L E,Sparks D L,et al.Total carbon,organic carbon,and organic matter[J].Methods of Soil Analysis,1996,9(1):961-1010.
[30]Micks P,Aber J D,Boone R D,et al.Short-term soil respiration and nitrogen immobilization response to nitrogen applications in control and nitrogen-enriched temperate forests[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2004,196(1):57-70.
[31]钟远平,唐将,王力.三峡库区土壤有机质区域分布及影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):73-76.Zhong Y P,Tang J,Wang L.Regional distribution and influencing factors of soil organic matter in three gorges reservoir area[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(5):73-76.
[32]Zhang W,Cui Y,Lu X,et al.High nitrogen deposition decreases the contribution of fungal residues to soil carbon pools in a tropical forest ecosystem[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,97(1):211-214.
[33]Falsaperla P,Motta S,Succi S.Short-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and function[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2013,49(6):723-733.
[34]Austin A T,Yahdjian L,Stark J M,et al.Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2004,141(2):221-235.
[35]Zhang W,Parker K M,Luo Y,et al.Soil microbial responses to experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(2):266-277.
[36]Saiyacork K R,Sinsabaugh R L,Zak D R.The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an acer saccharum forest soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1309-1315.
[37]Six J,Frey S D,Thiet R K,et al.Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(2):555-569.
[38]Jiangming M O,Zhang W,Zhu W,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a mature tropical forest in southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412.
[39]Lehmann E A,Johansson A M.Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition[J].Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):315-322.
[40]Zhou L,Zhou X,Zhang B,et al.Different responses of soil respiration and its components to nitrogen addition among biomes:a metaanalysis[J].Global Change Biology,2014,20(7):2332-2343.
[41]Cusack D F,Firestone M K.Changes in microbial community characteristics and soil organic matter with nitrogen additions in two tropical forests[J].Ecology,2011,92(3):621-632.
[42]Sinsabaugh R L,Gallo M E,Lauber C,et al.Extracellular enzyme activities and soil organic matter dynamics for northern hardwood forests receiving simulated nitrogen dhemistry[J].2005,75(2):201-215.
[2]Cox P M,Betts R A,Jones C D,et al.Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model[J].Nature,2000,408(6809):184-187.
[3]Paterson E,Sim A.Soil-specific response functions of organic matter mineralization to the availability of labile carbon[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19(5):1562-1571.
[4]Thornton P E,Lamarque J F,Rosenbloom N A,et al.Influence of carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling on land model response to CO2fertilization and climate variability[J].Global biogeochemical cycles,2007,201(4):1086-1095.
[5]Yue K,Fornara D A,Yang W,et al.Effects of three global change drivers on terrestrial C:N:P stoichiometry:a global synthesis[J].Global Change Biology,2016,23(6):24-50.
[6]郑丹楠.2010年中国大气氮沉降特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1089-1097.Zheng D N.Characteristics of atmospheric nitrogen deposition of China in 2010[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1089-1097.
[7]Team C W,Pachauri R K,Meyer L A.Climate change 2014:synthesis report.contribution of working groups I,II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[J].Journal of Romance Studies,2014,4(2):85-88.
[8]Lamarque J F,Dentener F,Mcconnell J,et al.Multi-model mean nitrogen and sulfur deposition from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project(ACCMIP):evaluation historical and projected changes[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2013,13(16):7997-8018.
[9]Ward D,Kirkman K,Hagenah N,et al.Soil respiration declines with increasing nitrogen fertilization and is not related to productivity in long-term grassland experiments[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2017,115(1):415-422.
[10]Guo H,Ye C,Zhang H,et al.Long-term nitrogen&phosphorus additions reduce soil microbial respiration but increase its temperature sensitivity in a Tibetan alpine meadow[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,113(1):26-34.
[11]Kurts P,Andrewj B,Donaldr Z,et al.Simulated chronic nitrogen deposition increases carbon storage in northern temperate forests[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(1):142-153.
[12]Burton A J,Pregitzer K S,Crawford J N,et al.Simulated chronic NO3-deposition reduces soil respiration in northern hardwood forests[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10(7):1080-1091.
[13]Zak D R,Holmes W E,Burton A J,et al.Simulated atmospheric NO3-deposition increases soil organic matter by slowing decomposition[J].Ecological applications,2008,18(8):2016-2027.
[14]Maaroufi N I,Nordin A,Hasselquist N J,et al.Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition enhances carbon sequestration in boreal soils[J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(8):3169-3180.
[15]Frey S D,Ollinger S,Nadelhoffer K,et al.Chronic nitrogen additions suppress decomposition and sequester soil carbon in temperate forests[J].Biogeochemistry,2014,121(2):305-316.
[16]Gao Q,Hasselquist N J,Palmroth S,et al.Short-term response of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical evergreen forest[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,76(1):297-300.
[17]Zhu C,Ma Y,Wu H,et al.Divergent effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a semiarid grassland[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6(1):33-41.
[18]Zhang C,Niu D,Hall S J,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid grassland[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,75(75):113-123.
[19]Du Y,Guo P,Liu J,et al.Different types of nitrogen deposition show variable effects on the soil carbon cycle process of temperate forests[J].Global Change Biology,2014,20(10):3222-3230.
[20]Allison S D,Czimczik C I,Treseder K K.Microbial activity and soil respiration under nitrogen addition in Alaskan boreal forest[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(5):1156-1168.
[21]Micks P,Aber J D,Boone R D,et al.Short-term soil respiration and nitrogen immobilization response to nitrogen applications in control and nitrogen-enriched temperate forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,196(1):57-70.
[22]Hasselquist N J,Metcalfe D B,H?gberg P.Contrasting effects of low and high nitrogen additions on soil CO2 flux components and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp production in a boreal forest[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(12):3596-3605.
[23]Gao Q,Hasselquist N J,Palmroth S,et al.Short-term response of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical evergreen forest[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,76(1):297-300.
[24]Cornell S E.Atmospheric nitrogen deposition:revisiting the question of the importance of the organic component[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2214-2222.
[25]林俊杰,刘丹,张帅,等.淹水-落干与季节性温度升高耦合过程对消落带沉积物氮矿化影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):555-562.Lin J J,Zhen D,Zhang S,etal.Effect of coupling process of wetting-drying cycles and seasonal temperature increasing on sediment nitrogen minerization in the water level fluctuating zone[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(2):555-562.
[26]袁玲,周鑫斌,辜夕容,等.重庆典型地区大气湿沉降氮的时空变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6095-6101.Yuan L,Zhou X B,Gu X Y,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in typical areas of Chongqing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(11):6095-6101.
[27]Blagodatskaya E,Yuyukina T,Blagodatsky S,et al.Turnover of soil organic matter and of microbial biomass under C3-C4 vegetation change:Consideration of 13C fractionation and preferential substrate utilization[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(1):159-166.
[28]Jones D,Willett V.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(5):991-999.
[29]Nelson D W,Sommers L E,Sparks D L,et al.Total carbon,organic carbon,and organic matter[J].Methods of Soil Analysis,1996,9(1):961-1010.
[30]Micks P,Aber J D,Boone R D,et al.Short-term soil respiration and nitrogen immobilization response to nitrogen applications in control and nitrogen-enriched temperate forests[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2004,196(1):57-70.
[31]钟远平,唐将,王力.三峡库区土壤有机质区域分布及影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):73-76.Zhong Y P,Tang J,Wang L.Regional distribution and influencing factors of soil organic matter in three gorges reservoir area[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(5):73-76.
[32]Zhang W,Cui Y,Lu X,et al.High nitrogen deposition decreases the contribution of fungal residues to soil carbon pools in a tropical forest ecosystem[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,97(1):211-214.
[33]Falsaperla P,Motta S,Succi S.Short-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and function[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2013,49(6):723-733.
[34]Austin A T,Yahdjian L,Stark J M,et al.Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2004,141(2):221-235.
[35]Zhang W,Parker K M,Luo Y,et al.Soil microbial responses to experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(2):266-277.
[36]Saiyacork K R,Sinsabaugh R L,Zak D R.The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an acer saccharum forest soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1309-1315.
[37]Six J,Frey S D,Thiet R K,et al.Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(2):555-569.
[38]Jiangming M O,Zhang W,Zhu W,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a mature tropical forest in southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412.
[39]Lehmann E A,Johansson A M.Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition[J].Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):315-322.
[40]Zhou L,Zhou X,Zhang B,et al.Different responses of soil respiration and its components to nitrogen addition among biomes:a metaanalysis[J].Global Change Biology,2014,20(7):2332-2343.
[41]Cusack D F,Firestone M K.Changes in microbial community characteristics and soil organic matter with nitrogen additions in two tropical forests[J].Ecology,2011,92(3):621-632.
[42]Sinsabaugh R L,Gallo M E,Lauber C,et al.Extracellular enzyme activities and soil organic matter dynamics for northern hardwood forests receiving simulated nitrogen dhemistry[J].2005,75(2):201-215.