海口市烟草流行状况及其影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解和掌握海口市烟草流行状况,为有针对性地开展控烟干预提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群抽样法,抽取海口市15岁以上常住居民作为调查对象。采用入户,由调查员使用掌上电脑面对面询问的方式开展调查。结果海口市15岁以上常住居民现在吸烟率为21.76%,不同地区之间现在吸烟率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别、城乡、年龄、文化程度及职业人群之间现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);进行多因素Logistics回归分析显示,海口市15岁以上常住居民现在吸烟率的主要影响因素是男性、25～<45岁人群、初中文化、高中/中专文化、农林牧渔水利业生产人员、企业商业服务业工作人员以及未就业人员;海口市市民对电子烟的知晓率和使用率相对较低(分别为22.36%和0.72%)。非吸烟者一周中暴露于二手烟的比率是67.41%。结论海口市现在吸烟率低于全国、全省平均水平,但部分群体吸烟率仍然较高,开展控烟干预应侧重吸烟率较高群体;海口市二手烟暴露较为严重,应加强公共交通工具、公共场所和工作场所的控烟工作。
Objective To understand and master the epidemic situation of tobacco in Haikou City, and to provide a basis for targeted tobacco control intervention. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select permanent residentsover 15 years old in Haikou City as the investigation objects.The investigation was carried out adopting the measures of households and face-to-face interviews using handheld computers. Results The current smoking rate in Haikou City was 21.76%. There was no significant difference in smoking rates among different regions( P>0.05). The current smoking rates among different genders, urban and rural areas, age, education level and occupational groups were significantly different(P<0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of smoking in adults over 15 years old in Haikou City were males, 25-<45 years old throngs, junior high school culture, high school culture, agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy production personnel,enterprises, commercial, service workers and unemployed people; Haikou citizens had relatively low awareness and usage rate of e-cigarettes(22.36% and 0.72%respectively); the rate of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke during the week was 67.41%. Conclusion The smoking rate in Haikou is lower than the national and provincial average, but the smoking rate of some groups is still high. The tobacco control intervention should focus on this group; the exposure of second-hand smoke in Haikou is more serious, and public transport, public places and work on tobacco control in the workplace.
Objective To understand and master the epidemic situation of tobacco in Haikou City, and to provide a basis for targeted tobacco control intervention. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select permanent residentsover 15 years old in Haikou City as the investigation objects.The investigation was carried out adopting the measures of households and face-to-face interviews using handheld computers. Results The current smoking rate in Haikou City was 21.76%. There was no significant difference in smoking rates among different regions( P>0.05). The current smoking rates among different genders, urban and rural areas, age, education level and occupational groups were significantly different(P<0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of smoking in adults over 15 years old in Haikou City were males, 25-<45 years old throngs, junior high school culture, high school culture, agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy production personnel,enterprises, commercial, service workers and unemployed people; Haikou citizens had relatively low awareness and usage rate of e-cigarettes(22.36% and 0.72%respectively); the rate of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke during the week was 67.41%. Conclusion The smoking rate in Haikou is lower than the national and provincial average, but the smoking rate of some groups is still high. The tobacco control intervention should focus on this group; the exposure of second-hand smoke in Haikou is more serious, and public transport, public places and work on tobacco control in the workplace.
引文
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[7]冉莎,陈大波,冉恒,等.2016年重庆酉阳自治县18岁以上居民高血压、糖尿病及其危险因素分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(6):134-136.
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[14]梅欣,黄远霞,李俊林,等.武汉市15岁及以上居民室内公共场所禁烟态度及知晓率[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,19(3):134-137.
[15]何妙贤,杨烈,段丹萍,等.简短戒烟干预后吸烟者的戒烟情况分析[J].热带医学杂志,2018,18(12):1645-1649.
[16]钱孝琳,顾海雁,汪澜,等.《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》实施对居民吸烟行为的影响[J].环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(6):473-478.
[17]钱江,张洁,王芮,等.《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施前后公共场所控烟情况评估[J].首都公共卫生, 2017, 11(3):126-129.
[18]陈嫚,张玲,卢艳华,等.武汉市农村居民吸烟、戒烟及二手烟暴露现状调查[J].华南预防医学,2018,44(4):326-330.
[19]黄晶晶.城市居民吸烟行为的成瘾性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[20]辛春茹,强锐,杨荣珍,等.探讨全科医生对吸烟者戒烟的干预措施[J].中国卫生标准管理, 2017, 8(14):38-40.
[21]陈利,龚言,王珊珊,等.加强戒烟门诊宣传工作的实践与思考[J].中国健康教育, 2018, 34(11):1053-1055.
[2]中国人民共和国卫生部.中国吸烟危害健康报告[R].北京:卫生部,2012.
[3]中国疾控中心,2015中国成人烟草调查报告[EB/OL].(2015-12-28)[2018-12-12].http://www.chinacdc.cn/jlm/yw/201512/t2015228_123960.html.
[4] LIU B Q, PETO R, CHEN Z M, et al. Emerging tobacco hazards in China:1.?Retrospective proportional mortality study of one million deaths[J]. BMJ, 1998, 317(7170):1411-1422.
[5]谢文静,范义兵,杨树,等.家庭吸烟限制对现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的影响分析[J].中国健康教育, 2016, 32(10):911-914.
[6]胡如英,展元元,王蒙,等.浙江省成人吸烟行为趋势研究[J].预防医学,2018,12(30):1189-1193,1198.
[7]冉莎,陈大波,冉恒,等.2016年重庆酉阳自治县18岁以上居民高血压、糖尿病及其危险因素分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(6):134-136.
[8]朱岑静,景诗文,张敏,等.上海市某社区老年人吸烟情况及吸烟危害认知程度调查[J].上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2017, 37(10):1422-1427.
[9]李志君,韩伟青,潘阳,等.吉林省成年人吸烟现状及其对吸烟危害认知程度的调查分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版), 2013, 39(6):1288-1293.
[10]邢富坤,李淑波,徐志鑫,等.北京市昌平区食品与公共场所从业人员吸烟及对吸烟危害认知情况[J].职业与健康, 2010, 26(18):2096-2098.
[11]牛卫萍,连海安,暴晓翔,等.山西省长治市居民吸烟危害认知调查[J].中国健康教育, 2010, 26(8):624-626.
[12]南奕,王立立,陈心悦,等.中国女性对吸烟和二手烟危害认知及二手烟暴露情况分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制, 2015, 23(6):443-445.
[13]刘于思.广东省居民吸烟及二手烟暴露现况研究[D].广州:广东药学院, 2015.
[14]梅欣,黄远霞,李俊林,等.武汉市15岁及以上居民室内公共场所禁烟态度及知晓率[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,19(3):134-137.
[15]何妙贤,杨烈,段丹萍,等.简短戒烟干预后吸烟者的戒烟情况分析[J].热带医学杂志,2018,18(12):1645-1649.
[16]钱孝琳,顾海雁,汪澜,等.《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》实施对居民吸烟行为的影响[J].环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(6):473-478.
[17]钱江,张洁,王芮,等.《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施前后公共场所控烟情况评估[J].首都公共卫生, 2017, 11(3):126-129.
[18]陈嫚,张玲,卢艳华,等.武汉市农村居民吸烟、戒烟及二手烟暴露现状调查[J].华南预防医学,2018,44(4):326-330.
[19]黄晶晶.城市居民吸烟行为的成瘾性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[20]辛春茹,强锐,杨荣珍,等.探讨全科医生对吸烟者戒烟的干预措施[J].中国卫生标准管理, 2017, 8(14):38-40.
[21]陈利,龚言,王珊珊,等.加强戒烟门诊宣传工作的实践与思考[J].中国健康教育, 2018, 34(11):1053-1055.