青海省铁矿时空分布、成矿系列及成矿模式
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摘要
依托青海省矿产地质志研编项目,在收集矿产勘查、科研成果资料以及调研典型矿床的基础上,对青海省铁矿时空分布、成矿系列和成矿模式进行了研究,取得以下主要成果:1)青海省铁矿床主要形成于元古代、寒武纪—奥陶纪和三叠纪,自北向南成矿时代由老变新,空间上主要分布于祁连、东昆仑构造带,祁连构造带以产出寒武纪—奥陶纪海相火山-沉积型铁矿床为特色,东昆仑构造带主要产出元古代沉积变质型和三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型铁矿床;2)将青海省铁矿床划分为九个矿床成矿系列;3)厘定了青海省主要类型铁矿床产出的构造环境,认为元古代沉积变质型铁矿产于大陆边缘,寒武纪—奥陶纪及二叠纪—三叠纪海相火山-沉积型铁矿产于大陆裂谷、岛弧或弧后盆地,三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型铁矿产于碰撞-后碰撞造山带;4)概述了九个系列矿床成矿特征,建立了元古代沉积变质型、寒武纪—奥陶纪海相火山-沉积型、二叠纪—三叠纪海相火山-沉积型、三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型4个主要矿床成矿系列的成矿模式。
Based on collecting documents of the mineral exploration and related literatures of research achievements, and investigating typical iron deposits in the Qinghai Province, the spatial-temporal distribution, metallogenic series and metallogenic models of iron deposits in Qinghai Province have been systematically studied in this paper with the support of the Qinghai provincial research and compilation project of the geological records of mineral resources in Qinghai Province. The following achievements have been obtained. 1) The iron ore deposits in Qinghai Province were mainly formed during the Proterozoic, Cambrian-Ordovician and Triassic epochs and their ages are changed progressively older from south to north. These deposits are mainly distributed in the Qilian and Eastern Kunlun tectonic belts. The Cambrian-Ordovician marine volcanic-sedimentary-type iron deposits are dominantly distributed in the Qilian tectonic belt, while the Proterozoic sedimentary metamorphic and Triassic skarn iron deposits are mainly distributed in the Eastern Kunlun tectonic belt. 2) The iron deposits in Qinghai Province have been classified into nine metallogenic series. 3) The tectonic environments for the formation of iron deposits in Qinghai Province have been discussed. It is believed that the Proterozoic sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits were formed in the continental margin. The Cambrian-Ordovician and Permian-Triassic marine volcanic-sedimentary iron deposits occurred in continental rifts, island-arc or back-arc basins. The Triassic contact metasomatic skarn-type iron deposits occurred in the collision and post-collision orogenic belts. 4) The metalogenic characteristics of nine series of iron deposits have been summarized and the main metallogenic models of various types of iron deposits, including the Proterozoic sedimentary-metamorphic-type, Cambrian-Ordovician volcanic-sedimentary-type, Permian-Triassic marine volcanic-sedimentary-type, and Triassic contact metasomatic skarn-type, have been established.
Based on collecting documents of the mineral exploration and related literatures of research achievements, and investigating typical iron deposits in the Qinghai Province, the spatial-temporal distribution, metallogenic series and metallogenic models of iron deposits in Qinghai Province have been systematically studied in this paper with the support of the Qinghai provincial research and compilation project of the geological records of mineral resources in Qinghai Province. The following achievements have been obtained. 1) The iron ore deposits in Qinghai Province were mainly formed during the Proterozoic, Cambrian-Ordovician and Triassic epochs and their ages are changed progressively older from south to north. These deposits are mainly distributed in the Qilian and Eastern Kunlun tectonic belts. The Cambrian-Ordovician marine volcanic-sedimentary-type iron deposits are dominantly distributed in the Qilian tectonic belt, while the Proterozoic sedimentary metamorphic and Triassic skarn iron deposits are mainly distributed in the Eastern Kunlun tectonic belt. 2) The iron deposits in Qinghai Province have been classified into nine metallogenic series. 3) The tectonic environments for the formation of iron deposits in Qinghai Province have been discussed. It is believed that the Proterozoic sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits were formed in the continental margin. The Cambrian-Ordovician and Permian-Triassic marine volcanic-sedimentary iron deposits occurred in continental rifts, island-arc or back-arc basins. The Triassic contact metasomatic skarn-type iron deposits occurred in the collision and post-collision orogenic belts. 4) The metalogenic characteristics of nine series of iron deposits have been summarized and the main metallogenic models of various types of iron deposits, including the Proterozoic sedimentary-metamorphic-type, Cambrian-Ordovician volcanic-sedimentary-type, Permian-Triassic marine volcanic-sedimentary-type, and Triassic contact metasomatic skarn-type, have been established.
引文
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[2]陈毓川,刘德权,唐延龄,等.中国新疆战略性固体矿产大型矿集区研究[M].北京:地质出版社, 2007.
[3]陆松年,李怀坤,王惠初,等.秦-祁-昆造山带元古宙副变质岩层碎屑锆石年龄谱研究[J].岩石学报, 2009, 25(9):2195-2208.
[4]张爱奎,李东生,何书跃,等.青海省祁漫塔格地区主要矿产成矿规律与成矿系列[M].北京:地质出版社, 2017.
[5]青海省地质矿产局.青海省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社, 1991:56-540.
[6]青海省地质矿产局.青海省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1997.
[7]李发明,周金喜,杨银成,等.青海省祁连县热水沟东铁矿地质特征及成因探讨[J].矿产与地质, 2008, 22(4):319-321.
[8]吴庭祥,王凤林.青海省赵卡隆铁多金属矿成矿特征及矿床成因[J].矿产与地质, 2010, 24(2):155-161.
[9]]李洪普,陈学明,左志勇,等.三江成矿带开心岭矿区尕的考组火山活动与多金属矿的成矿关系[J].西北地质, 2012, 45(1):71-78.
[10]丰成友,李东生,吴正寿,等.东昆仑祁漫塔格成矿带矿床类型、时空分布及多金属成矿作用[J].西北地质, 2010(4):10-17.
[11]张爱奎,莫宣学,李云平,等.青海西部祁漫塔格成矿带找矿新进展及其意义[J].地质通报, 2010, 29(7):1062-1074.
[12]张爱奎.青海野马泉地区晚古生代—早中生代岩浆作用与成矿研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2012.
[13]张占玉,张永胜,李华,等.青海省都兰地区矽卡岩型铁多金属矿地质特征及成矿规律[J].地质与勘探, 2011, 47(6):994-1001.
[14]丰成友,王松,李国臣,等.青海祁漫塔格中晚三叠世花岗岩:年代学、地球化学及成矿意义[J].岩石学报, 2012, 28(2):665-678.
[15]赵一鸣,丰成友,李大新,等.青海西部祁漫塔格地区主要矽卡岩铁多金属矿床成矿地质背景和矿化蚀变特征[J].矿床地质,2013,32(1):1-19.
[16]尹利君,刘继顺,杨立功,等.青海都兰白石崖矿区花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义[J].新疆地质, 2013, 31(3):248-255.
[17]张爱奎,莫宣学,袁万明,等.东昆仑西部野马泉地区三叠纪花岗岩成因与构造背景[J].矿物学报, 2016, 36(2):157-173.
[18]程裕淇,陈毓川,赵一鸣.初论矿床的成矿系列问题[J].中国地质科学院院报, 1979, 1(1):32-57.
[19]程裕淇,陈毓川,赵一鸣,等.再论矿床的成矿系列问题[J].中国地质科学院院报, 1983, 5(6):1-64.
[20]翟裕生,姚书振,崔彬,等.成矿系列研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1996.
[21]陈毓川,裴荣富,宋天锐.中国矿床成矿系列初论[M].北京:地质出版社, 1998:1-104.
[22]陈毓川,裴荣富,王登红.三论矿床的成矿系列问题[J].地质学报, 2006, 80(10):1501-1507.
[23]刘智刚,张爱奎,夏友河,等.青海祁漫塔格那西郭勒BIF型铁矿床特征及意义[J].地质通报, 2017, 36(10):1841-1849.
[24]刘智刚,张爱奎,夏友河,等.青海省祁漫塔格那西郭勒地区条带状铁矿的稀土和微量元素特征[J].青海大学学报, 2017, 35(5):47-53.
[25]贾启元,吕新彪,韦晓青,等.青海洪水河铁矿区硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征及地质意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2016, 35(5):984-993.
[26]刘世宝,张爱奎,刘光莲,等.东昆仑洪水河铁锰矿床特征及发现意义[J].西北地质, 2016, 49(1):197-205.
[27]关玲.青海省都兰县洪水河铁矿基本成矿特点研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2013.
[28]王国灿,王青海,简平,等.东昆仑前寒武纪基底变质岩系的锆石SHRIMP年龄及其构造意义[J].地学前缘, 2004, 11(4):481-490.
[29]陈有炘,裴先治,李瑞保,等.东昆仑造山带东段元古界小庙岩组的锆石U-Pb年龄[J].现代地质, 2011, 25(3):510-521.
[30]杜占美,刘志刚,周卫荣,等.北祁连西段小沙龙铁矿床矿石特征及矿床成因[J].矿产勘查, 2013, 4(4):395-401.
[31]杨银成,周金玺,彭勇,等.青海省祁连县热水沟铁矿地质特征及成因探讨[J].黄金科学技术, 2007, 15(6):30-34.
[32]王多海,高山.青海祁连小清水铁矿床地质特征及找矿方向[J].甘肃科技, 2013, 29(17):40-42.
[33]李洪普,陈学明,左志勇,等.三江成矿带开心岭矿区尕的考组火山活动与多金属矿的成矿关系[J].西北地质, 2012, 45(1):71-78.
[34]莫宣学,路凤香,沈上越,等.三江特提斯火山作用与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社, 1993.
[35]陈建平,唐菊兴,付小芳,等.西南三江北段纳日贡玛铜钼矿床地质特征与成矿模式[J].现代地质, 2008(1):9-17.
[36]刘云华,莫宣学,张雪亭,等.东昆仑野马泉地区矽卡岩矿床地球化学特征及其成因意义[J].华南地质与矿产, 2006,(3):31-36.
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