生态安全导向下青海小流域与传统村落整体保护策略探析
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摘要
青海是中国生态安全屏障建构的战略要地,是黄河、长江、澜沧江以及众多内陆河流、湖泊的发源地和上游地区,其重要性影响到我国中下游地区以及东南亚和南亚地区乃至全球的生态安全。由于地域性和欠发达等因素,青海传统村落以及引申的乡村聚落,多沿三江流域的小流域河谷地带分布,其中不乏保存相对完整且连片存在的现象。随着生态保护和人居建设的双重需求,当前面临着诸多现实挑战,亟须整体保护。通过初步探讨青海小流域与传统村落整体保护的模式建构、方法整合、范围划定、具体措施以及支撑体系的策略设想,试图填补小流域乡村人居环境研究在青藏高原青海地区的匮乏。
Qinghai,the strategic place in constructing the ecological safety barrier in China,is the birthplace of many rivers and lakes,such as the Yellow River,the Yangtze River,Lancang River as well as many other inland rivers,and it is also located in the upper stream of these rivers. Thus,it plays a significant role in the ecological safety of the middle and lower reaches of China,Southeast Asia,South Asia,and the whole globe. Because of their locations and underdevelopment,most traditional villages in Qinghai are distributed along the valleys of the three-river watershed,with some of them are well preserved and form a unity. Facing the demand of ecological protection and habitation construction,these places need to be protected as a whole. Through the primary discussions on issues like the mode construction of Qinghai watersheds and the protection of the traditional villages,the integration of methods,scope and measures as well as the strategic concept to uphold the system,this thesis aims to fill the gap of shortage in the study of small watersheds habitation environment in Qinghai areas,QinghaiTibet Plateau.
Qinghai,the strategic place in constructing the ecological safety barrier in China,is the birthplace of many rivers and lakes,such as the Yellow River,the Yangtze River,Lancang River as well as many other inland rivers,and it is also located in the upper stream of these rivers. Thus,it plays a significant role in the ecological safety of the middle and lower reaches of China,Southeast Asia,South Asia,and the whole globe. Because of their locations and underdevelopment,most traditional villages in Qinghai are distributed along the valleys of the three-river watershed,with some of them are well preserved and form a unity. Facing the demand of ecological protection and habitation construction,these places need to be protected as a whole. Through the primary discussions on issues like the mode construction of Qinghai watersheds and the protection of the traditional villages,the integration of methods,scope and measures as well as the strategic concept to uphold the system,this thesis aims to fill the gap of shortage in the study of small watersheds habitation environment in Qinghai areas,QinghaiTibet Plateau.
引文
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[26]王军.传统村落保护区:青藏高原的选择[N].中国民族报,2016-08-05.
[27]杨锐.国家公园与自然保护地研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:125.
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[2]宫福生,林国华.青海省浅山地区的水土流失及小流域综合治理[J].中国水土保持,1989(12):17.
[3]田磊.青海省小流域综合治理回顾与展望[J].中国水土保持,2009(5):11.
[4]马生录.治理水土流失牢固生态屏障[N].黄河报,2016-01-12.
[5]崔树稼.青海东部民居:庄窠[J].建筑学报,1963(1):12-14.
[6]梁琦.青海传统村落、民居的生态理念[C]//中国民族建筑研究会编.第13届中国民居学术会议暨无锡传统建筑发展国际学术研讨会议论文集.北京:中国民族建筑研究会,2004:95-99.
[7]王军,李晓丽.生态安全导向下青藏高原聚落重构与营建研究[J].建筑与文化,2014(6):71-76.
[8]康渊,靳亦冰,李钰.青藏高原传统村落保护与发展策略研究:以青海省为例[J].建筑与文化,2016(6):41-43.
[9]卓玛措.青海地理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010:32-33.
[10]张兴玲.浅析青海省水土流失的现状及对策[J].能源与环境,2009(6):31.
[11]中国传统村落网保护与发展研究中心.第一至第四批中国传统村落名录的村落名单[EB/OL].[2017-04-13].中国传统村落网.
[12]程根伟,李勇.青藏高原东缘三江流域生态功能区建设的措施与影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005(3):259.
[13]周秉荣,等.青海省气候资源分析评价与气象灾害风险区划[M].北京:气象出版社,2016:10.
[14]崔文河,于杨.“多元共生”:青海乡土民居建筑文化多样性研究[J].南方建筑,2014(6):60-64.
[15]岳邦瑞,等.图解景观生态规划设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:265-274.
[16]刘晖.黄土高原小流域人居生态单元及安全模式:景观格局分析方法与应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005:46-50.
[17]周若祁,等.绿色建筑体系与黄土高原基本聚居模式[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:21-24.
[18]马生林.青藏高原生态变迁[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:274.
[19]肖笃宁,李秀珍,高峻,等.景观生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:3.
[20]王云才,王敏,严国泰.面向LA专业的景观生态教学体系改革[J].中国园林,2007(9):50-51.
[21]陈勇.人类生态学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:52.
[22]Zev Naveh.景观与恢复生态学[M].李秀珍,冷文芳,解伏菊,等,译.北京:高等教育版社,2012:52.
[23]张新玉,杨元辉.我国水土保持小流域综合治理模式研究[J].中国水利,2011(12):58-61.
[24]冯骥才.传统村落的困境与出路:兼谈传统村落是另一类文化遗产[J].民间文化论坛,2013(1):8.
[25]中华人民共和国水利部.小流域划分及编码规范[Z].2013.
[26]王军.传统村落保护区:青藏高原的选择[N].中国民族报,2016-08-05.
[27]杨锐.国家公园与自然保护地研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:125.
[28]罗德胤.村落保护:关键在于激活人心[J].新建筑,2015(1):23-27.