特色小镇政策的区域比较与优化研究——以云贵川地区为例
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摘要
特色小镇是我国新型城镇化建设模式的重大创新,也是乡村振兴战略的重要推手。系统梳理国家有关特色小镇建设中的土地流转、融资模式、财税支持、人口流动方面的政策,并以云贵川地区为例,比较三省政策差异,发现云贵川地区在贯彻国家政策的同时,形成了各自的政策特色。云南省从项目融资、贷款贴息、税收减免方面对特色小镇给予重点支持;贵州强调争取国家金融支持的同时,启动"险资入黔"战略;四川强调建立城镇发展基金及资产证券化手段,并率先出台特色小镇十三五规划。当前,特色小镇建设仍然存在管理主体多元,责任不清、各部委竞相推出特色小镇,缺乏统一标准、政策共性有余,地方个性不足等问题。可以尝试建立从中央到地方的"特色小镇管理委员会"三级管理体系、建立特色小镇实施主体的正负双面清单以及地方政策创新的特色清单,加强特色小镇的风险防范和内涵建设。
The construction of towns with specific features is a significant innovation of urbanization in China, and also an important promoter of the rural revitalization strategy. This paper systematically summarizes the national policies of land use, financing model, fiscal support and population mobility in the construction of towns with specific features. It compares the differences in the relevant policies in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces and discusses their own characteristics in the process of implementing the national policies. Yunnan gives these towns top priority in the aspects of project finance, loan discounts and tax relief; Guizhou emphasizes the strategy of "venture capital into Guizhou" while striving for more national financial support. Sichuan gives top priority to the obtainment of urban development funds and the efficient means of asset securitization, and issues its 13 th Five-Year Plan for the development of towns with specific features. At present, the following problems still exist in the construction of towns with specific features: the diversification of the main management institutions, unclear responsibilities and criteria, a lack of local policies though there are similar government policies implemented by different government departments. This paper proposes to establish a three-level management system by the town management committee composed of the members from the Central Government and the local governments, clarifies the duties and responsibilities of the main management institutions, and works out the timetable for the policy innovation while taking effective measures for risk prevention and intrinsic improvement of the towns with specific features.
The construction of towns with specific features is a significant innovation of urbanization in China, and also an important promoter of the rural revitalization strategy. This paper systematically summarizes the national policies of land use, financing model, fiscal support and population mobility in the construction of towns with specific features. It compares the differences in the relevant policies in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces and discusses their own characteristics in the process of implementing the national policies. Yunnan gives these towns top priority in the aspects of project finance, loan discounts and tax relief; Guizhou emphasizes the strategy of "venture capital into Guizhou" while striving for more national financial support. Sichuan gives top priority to the obtainment of urban development funds and the efficient means of asset securitization, and issues its 13 th Five-Year Plan for the development of towns with specific features. At present, the following problems still exist in the construction of towns with specific features: the diversification of the main management institutions, unclear responsibilities and criteria, a lack of local policies though there are similar government policies implemented by different government departments. This paper proposes to establish a three-level management system by the town management committee composed of the members from the Central Government and the local governments, clarifies the duties and responsibilities of the main management institutions, and works out the timetable for the policy innovation while taking effective measures for risk prevention and intrinsic improvement of the towns with specific features.
引文
① 中国城镇化促进会:《中国特色小(城)镇发展报告》,2017年版,第23～24页。
(1)[英]埃比尼泽﹒霍华德:《明日的田园城市》 ,金经元译,商务印书馆,2016年版。
(2)[英]彼得·霍尔,[英]科林·沃德:《社会城市:再造21世纪花园城市》,吴家琦译,华中科技大学出版社,2016年版。
(3)[美]杰克·舒尔茨:《美国的兴旺之城——小城镇成功的8个秘诀》,谢永琴译,中国建筑工业出版社,2016年版。
(4)[美]巴里·卡林沃斯,[美]罗杰·凯夫斯:《美国城市规划政策、问题与过程》,吴建新,杨至德译,华中科技大学出版社,2016年版。
(5)刘沛林,杨立国等:《留住乡愁-特色旅游小镇与新型城镇化建设》,湖南大学出版社,2016年版。
(6)林峰:《特色小镇孵化器:特色小镇全产业链全程服务解决》,中国旅游出版社,2017年版。
(7)周红:《特色小镇投融资模式与实务》,北京:中信出版社,2017年版。
(8)陈根:《特色小镇创建指南》,北京:电子工业出版社,2017年版。
(9)四川省发展与改革委员会:《四川省“十三五”特色小城镇发展规划》,2016年第12期。
(10)熊正贤:《西部地区文化资源的分布特征、利用原则和开发秩序研究》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社科科学版)》2013年第7期。
(1)[英]埃比尼泽﹒霍华德:《明日的田园城市》 ,金经元译,商务印书馆,2016年版。
(2)[英]彼得·霍尔,[英]科林·沃德:《社会城市:再造21世纪花园城市》,吴家琦译,华中科技大学出版社,2016年版。
(3)[美]杰克·舒尔茨:《美国的兴旺之城——小城镇成功的8个秘诀》,谢永琴译,中国建筑工业出版社,2016年版。
(4)[美]巴里·卡林沃斯,[美]罗杰·凯夫斯:《美国城市规划政策、问题与过程》,吴建新,杨至德译,华中科技大学出版社,2016年版。
(5)刘沛林,杨立国等:《留住乡愁-特色旅游小镇与新型城镇化建设》,湖南大学出版社,2016年版。
(6)林峰:《特色小镇孵化器:特色小镇全产业链全程服务解决》,中国旅游出版社,2017年版。
(7)周红:《特色小镇投融资模式与实务》,北京:中信出版社,2017年版。
(8)陈根:《特色小镇创建指南》,北京:电子工业出版社,2017年版。
(9)四川省发展与改革委员会:《四川省“十三五”特色小城镇发展规划》,2016年第12期。
(10)熊正贤:《西部地区文化资源的分布特征、利用原则和开发秩序研究》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社科科学版)》2013年第7期。