HTI介质方位观测PP波反射系数一阶扰动近似
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摘要
五维叠前地震数据具有丰富的炮检距与方位信息,基于五维地震数据所发展的OVT域叠前地震属性分析可以对地下储层进行有效预测。本文在方位观测系统下,基于扰动思想与介质分解理论,推导出一种新的PP波HTI介质反射系数一阶扰动近似公式,突破了传统反射系数近似公式仅适用于小炮检距的局限,进一步提高了五维地震数据中炮检距信息的利用率。计算结果表明,本文所构建的一阶扰动近似公式与传统线性近似公式相比,具有更高的精度,与精确公式的AVO特征具有更高的相似性,为利用中远炮检距信息进行五维地震反演奠定了理论基础。
Five-dimensional prestack seismic data contains abundant offset and azimuth information.Newly developed prestack seismic attribute analysis in the offset vector tile(OVT)domain based on five-dimensional seismic data is an effective way to predict reservoirs.In this paper,with the combination of perturbation theory and media decomposition theory,a new first-order perturbation approximation equation of PP wave reflection coefficient for HTI medium based on azimuthal geometry is deduced.The conventional HTI medium reflection coefficient approximation equation is only effective in near offsets,but this newly-deduced equation can better use offset information in five-dimensional seismic data.Calculation results show that the first-order perturbation approximation equation has better accuracy than the conventional linear approximation equation,and AVO characteristics obtained with this approximation are similar with that obtained with the accurate equation,which provides a theoretical basis for five-dimensional seismic inversion with middle and far offset information.
Five-dimensional prestack seismic data contains abundant offset and azimuth information.Newly developed prestack seismic attribute analysis in the offset vector tile(OVT)domain based on five-dimensional seismic data is an effective way to predict reservoirs.In this paper,with the combination of perturbation theory and media decomposition theory,a new first-order perturbation approximation equation of PP wave reflection coefficient for HTI medium based on azimuthal geometry is deduced.The conventional HTI medium reflection coefficient approximation equation is only effective in near offsets,but this newly-deduced equation can better use offset information in five-dimensional seismic data.Calculation results show that the first-order perturbation approximation equation has better accuracy than the conventional linear approximation equation,and AVO characteristics obtained with this approximation are similar with that obtained with the accurate equation,which provides a theoretical basis for five-dimensional seismic inversion with middle and far offset information.
引文
[1] Zoeppritz K,Erdbebnenwellen V.On the reflection and penetration of seismic waves through unstable layers[J].G?ettinger Nachrichten,1919,1(1):66-84.
[2] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].W H Freeman and Co Cambridge,1980.
[3] Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
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[6] 朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):499-503.ZHU Zhaolin,ZHAO Aiguo.Azimuthal AVO inversion of P-wave in fractured medium[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):499-503.
[7] 吴国忱.各向异性介质地震波传播与成像[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2006.WU Guochen.Seismic Wave Propagation and Imaging in Anisotropic Media[M].Petroleum University Press,Dongying,Shandong,2006.
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[12] 杜炳毅,杨午阳,王恩利,等.基于杨氏模量、泊松比和各向异性梯度的裂缝介质AVAZ反演方法[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):218-225.DU Bingyi,YANG Wuyang,Wang Enli,et al.AVAZ inversion based on Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio and anisotropy gradient in fractured media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):218-225.
[13] 潘新朋,张广智,印兴耀.非均质HTI介质裂缝弱度参数地震散射反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1226-1235.PAN Xinpeng,ZHANG Guangzhi,YIN Xingyao.Seismic scattering inversion for fracture weakness in heterogeneous HTI media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1226-1235.
[14] 吴国忱,赵小龙,唐杰,等.横观各向同性(TI)岩石弹性模量一阶扰动近似[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(8):916-926.WU Guochen,ZHAO Xiaolong,TANG Jie,et al.First-order perturbation approximation for rock elastic moduli in transversely isotropic media[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2017,47(8):916-926.
[15] 刘洋,董敏煜.各向异性介质中的方位AVO[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):260-268.LIU Yang,DONG Minyu.Azimuth AVO in anisotropic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(3):260-268.
[16] 毛宁波,谢涛,杨凯,等.裂缝储层地震方位AVO正演模拟研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(5):59-63.MAO Ningbo,XIE Tao,Yang Kai,et al.Study and application on AVO forward modeling of seismic orientation for fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(5):59-63.
[17] 刘百红,杨强,石展,等.HTI介质的方位AVO正演研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(3):232-239.LIU Baihong,YANG Qiang,SHI Zhan,et al.Azimuthal AVO simulation for HTI media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(3):232-239.
[18] 刘依谋,印兴耀,张三元,等.宽方位地震勘探技术新进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):596-610.LIU Yimou,YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Sanyuan,et al.Recent advances in wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):596-610.
[19] 印兴耀,张洪学,宗兆云.OVT数据域五维地震资料解释技术研究现状与进展[J].石油物探,2018,57(2):155-178.YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Hongxue,ZONG Zhaoyun.Research status and progress of 5D seismic data interpretation in OVT domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2018,57(2):155-178.
[20] Vermeer G J O.Creating image gathers in the absence of proper common-offset gathers[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998,29(4):636-642.
[21] Cary P W.Common-offset-vector gathers:An alternative to cross-spreads for wide-azimuth 3-D surveys[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1496-1499.
[22] 詹仕凡,陈茂山,李磊,等.OVT域宽方位叠前地震属性分析方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):956-966.ZHAN Shifan,CHEN Maoshan,LI Lei,et al.OVT-domain wide-azimuth prestack seismic attribute analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):956-966.
[23] 党青宁,崔永福,陈猛,等.OVT域叠前裂缝预测技术——以塔里木盆地塔中ZG地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩为例[J].物探与化探,2016,40(2):398-404.DANG Qingning,CUI Yongfu,CHEN Meng,et al.Fracture detection with prestack seismic data in OVT domain:A case study of the Ordovician carbonate re-servoir in ZG area of Tazhong district in Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(2):398-404.
[24] 古发明,李进步,邹新宁,等.炮检距向量片技术在苏里格致密砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):610-617.GU Faming,LI Jinbu,ZOU Xinning,et al.Application of the offset vector tile technique in the Sulige tight sandstone reservoir prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(2):610-617.
[25] 林娟,娄兵,张淑萍,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖1井区高密度三维OVT域裂缝预测的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):146-152.LIN Juan,LOU Bing,ZHANG Shuping,et al.Fracture prediction with the high-density 3D OVT domain in the Well Mahu 1 area,Junggar Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):146-152.
[26] Wang Y H.Approximations to Zoeppritz equations and their use in AVO analysis[J].Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[2] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].W H Freeman and Co Cambridge,1980.
[3] Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[4] Rüger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[5] Vavry■uk V,P?En■ík I.PP-wave reflection coeffi-cients in weakly anisotropic elastic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2129-2141.
[6] 朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):499-503.ZHU Zhaolin,ZHAO Aiguo.Azimuthal AVO inversion of P-wave in fractured medium[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):499-503.
[7] 吴国忱.各向异性介质地震波传播与成像[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2006.WU Guochen.Seismic Wave Propagation and Imaging in Anisotropic Media[M].Petroleum University Press,Dongying,Shandong,2006.
[8] 梁锴,印兴耀,吴国忱.TTI介质qP波入射精确和近似反射透射系数[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):208-217.LIANG Kai,YIN Xingyao,WU Guochen.Exact and approximate reflection and transmission coefficient for incident qP wave in TTI media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(1):208-217.
[9] 司芗,吴国忱.裂隙等效TTI介质qP波反射特征研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):2091-2099.SI Xiang,WU Guochen.Study on qP-wave reflectivity in fracture equivalent TTI media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):2091-2099.
[10] 李春鹏.基于方位地震道集的裂缝型储层预测方法研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.LI Chunpeng.Research on Fractured Reservoir Prediction with Azimuthal Seismic Data[D].China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong,2013.
[11] 张广智,陈怀震,印兴耀,等.基于各向异性AVO的裂缝弹性参数叠前反演方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(3):845-851.ZHANG Guangzhi,CHEN Huaizhen,YIN Xingyao,et al.Method of fracture elastic parameter inversion based on anisotropic AVO[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(3):845-851.
[12] 杜炳毅,杨午阳,王恩利,等.基于杨氏模量、泊松比和各向异性梯度的裂缝介质AVAZ反演方法[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):218-225.DU Bingyi,YANG Wuyang,Wang Enli,et al.AVAZ inversion based on Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio and anisotropy gradient in fractured media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):218-225.
[13] 潘新朋,张广智,印兴耀.非均质HTI介质裂缝弱度参数地震散射反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1226-1235.PAN Xinpeng,ZHANG Guangzhi,YIN Xingyao.Seismic scattering inversion for fracture weakness in heterogeneous HTI media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1226-1235.
[14] 吴国忱,赵小龙,唐杰,等.横观各向同性(TI)岩石弹性模量一阶扰动近似[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(8):916-926.WU Guochen,ZHAO Xiaolong,TANG Jie,et al.First-order perturbation approximation for rock elastic moduli in transversely isotropic media[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2017,47(8):916-926.
[15] 刘洋,董敏煜.各向异性介质中的方位AVO[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):260-268.LIU Yang,DONG Minyu.Azimuth AVO in anisotropic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(3):260-268.
[16] 毛宁波,谢涛,杨凯,等.裂缝储层地震方位AVO正演模拟研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(5):59-63.MAO Ningbo,XIE Tao,Yang Kai,et al.Study and application on AVO forward modeling of seismic orientation for fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(5):59-63.
[17] 刘百红,杨强,石展,等.HTI介质的方位AVO正演研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(3):232-239.LIU Baihong,YANG Qiang,SHI Zhan,et al.Azimuthal AVO simulation for HTI media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(3):232-239.
[18] 刘依谋,印兴耀,张三元,等.宽方位地震勘探技术新进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):596-610.LIU Yimou,YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Sanyuan,et al.Recent advances in wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):596-610.
[19] 印兴耀,张洪学,宗兆云.OVT数据域五维地震资料解释技术研究现状与进展[J].石油物探,2018,57(2):155-178.YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Hongxue,ZONG Zhaoyun.Research status and progress of 5D seismic data interpretation in OVT domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2018,57(2):155-178.
[20] Vermeer G J O.Creating image gathers in the absence of proper common-offset gathers[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998,29(4):636-642.
[21] Cary P W.Common-offset-vector gathers:An alternative to cross-spreads for wide-azimuth 3-D surveys[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1496-1499.
[22] 詹仕凡,陈茂山,李磊,等.OVT域宽方位叠前地震属性分析方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):956-966.ZHAN Shifan,CHEN Maoshan,LI Lei,et al.OVT-domain wide-azimuth prestack seismic attribute analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):956-966.
[23] 党青宁,崔永福,陈猛,等.OVT域叠前裂缝预测技术——以塔里木盆地塔中ZG地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩为例[J].物探与化探,2016,40(2):398-404.DANG Qingning,CUI Yongfu,CHEN Meng,et al.Fracture detection with prestack seismic data in OVT domain:A case study of the Ordovician carbonate re-servoir in ZG area of Tazhong district in Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(2):398-404.
[24] 古发明,李进步,邹新宁,等.炮检距向量片技术在苏里格致密砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):610-617.GU Faming,LI Jinbu,ZOU Xinning,et al.Application of the offset vector tile technique in the Sulige tight sandstone reservoir prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(2):610-617.
[25] 林娟,娄兵,张淑萍,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖1井区高密度三维OVT域裂缝预测的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):146-152.LIN Juan,LOU Bing,ZHANG Shuping,et al.Fracture prediction with the high-density 3D OVT domain in the Well Mahu 1 area,Junggar Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):146-152.
[26] Wang Y H.Approximations to Zoeppritz equations and their use in AVO analysis[J].Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.