草地蘑菇圈对植被及土壤真菌的影响
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摘要
蘑菇圈是由土壤真菌引起的一种特殊的生态现象,通过分析蘑菇圈的存在对植被氮磷营养、土壤理化性质及土壤真菌结构的影响,旨在为揭示土壤真菌–真菌互作提供理论依据。结果表明,1)在蘑菇圈的圈上区域,植被生物量、含氮量和含磷量均显著高于圈外及圈内区域(P <0.05)。2) 3个区域间的土壤理化性质也发生了显著变化(P <0.05)。3)真菌群落α-多样性指数分析表明,蘑菇圈圈上区域土壤真菌多样性指数显著高于圈外对照区域(P <0.05)。4)土壤真菌类群在科水平分类结果显示,伞菌科(Agaricaceae)、囊担菌科(Cystobasidiaceae)、戴维迪科(Davidiellaceae)和丛赤壳科(Nectriaceae)的相对丰度在蘑菇圈圈上区域均显著高于圈外区域(P <0.05);相反,囊藻科(Cystofilobasidiaceae)、大壶菌科(Chytridiaceae)及虫草科(Cordycipitaceae)的真菌的相对丰度在圈上区域显著低于圈外区域(P <0.05)。5)相关分析表明,土壤有机碳和有效磷含量是影响土壤真菌结构组成的重要因素。
Fairy rings are a unique ecological phenomenon caused by soil fungi. Through analyzing the influence of fairy rings on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition supply to vegetation, physical and chemical properties of soil, and soil fungi structure, this paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for revealing soil fungi-fungi interaction. The results showed that the vegetation biomass, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content in the area above the fairy ring were significantly higher than those outside and inside the rings(P < 0.05). Soil physical and chemical properties of the three regions also changed significantly(P < 0.05). The analysis of the alpha-diversity index of the fungal community showed that the diversity index of soil fungi was significantly higher in the upper zone than in the outside zone(P < 0.05). Classification results showed that the relative abundances of Agaricaceae, Cystobasidiaceae, Davidiellaceae, and Nectriaceae in the upper zone were significantly higher than those in the outside area(P < 0.05). On the contrary, the relative abundance of fungi in Cystofilobasidiaceae, Chytridiaceae, and Cordycipitaceae was significantly lower in the upper zone than in the outside zone(P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon and available phosphorus were important factors affecting the composition of soil fungi.
Fairy rings are a unique ecological phenomenon caused by soil fungi. Through analyzing the influence of fairy rings on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition supply to vegetation, physical and chemical properties of soil, and soil fungi structure, this paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for revealing soil fungi-fungi interaction. The results showed that the vegetation biomass, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content in the area above the fairy ring were significantly higher than those outside and inside the rings(P < 0.05). Soil physical and chemical properties of the three regions also changed significantly(P < 0.05). The analysis of the alpha-diversity index of the fungal community showed that the diversity index of soil fungi was significantly higher in the upper zone than in the outside zone(P < 0.05). Classification results showed that the relative abundances of Agaricaceae, Cystobasidiaceae, Davidiellaceae, and Nectriaceae in the upper zone were significantly higher than those in the outside area(P < 0.05). On the contrary, the relative abundance of fungi in Cystofilobasidiaceae, Chytridiaceae, and Cordycipitaceae was significantly lower in the upper zone than in the outside zone(P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon and available phosphorus were important factors affecting the composition of soil fungi.
引文
[1]YANG C,LI J J,ZHANG F G,LIU N,ZHANG Y J.The optimal Redfield N:P ratio caused by fairy ring fungi stimulates plant productivity in the temperate steppe of China.Fungal Ecology,2018,34:91-98.
[2]宋超,图力古尔.蘑菇圈形成机理及其生态学意义.中国食用菌,2007,26(6):9-13.SONG C,TOLGOR.Fairy ring formation mechanism and its ecological significance.Edible Fungi of China,2007,26(6):9-13.
[3]FOX R T V.Fungal foes in your garden:Fairy ring mushrooms.Mycologist,2006,20:36-37.
[4]陈立红,阎伟,刘建.草原蘑菇圈对牧草长势影响的初步分析.西北植物学报,2002,22(6):1421-1425.CHEN L H,YAN W,LIU J.Preliminary study of the effects of fairy ring of grassland on the growth of herbage.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2002,22(6):1421-1425.
[5]CAESAR-TONTHAT T C,ESPELAND E,CAESAR A J,SAINJU U M,LARTEY R T,GASKIN J F.Effects of Agaricus lilaceps fairy rings on soil aggregation and microbial community structure in relation to growth stimulation of western wheatgrass(Pascopyrum smithii)in Eastern Montana Rangeland.Microbial Ecology,2013,66:120-131.
[6]XU X L,OUYANG H,CAO G M,RICHTER A,WANEK W,KUZYAKOV Y.Dominant plant species shift their nitrogen uptake patterns in response to nutrient enrichment caused by a fungal fairy in an alpine meadow.Plant Soil,2011,341:495-504.
[7]ALBRECHT W A,SHELDON V L,BLUE W G.“Fairy ring”mushrooms made protein-rich grass.Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,1951,78:83-88.
[8]FISHER R P.Nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization by the fairy ring fungus,Marasmius oreades(Bolt.)Fr..Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1977(9):239-241.
[9]EDWARDS P J.The growth of fairy rings of Agaricus arvensis and their effect upon grassland vegetation and soil.Journal of Ecology,1984,72(2):505-513.
[10]EDWARDS P J.Effects of the fairy ring fungus Agarlcus arvensis on nutrient availability in grassland.New Phycologist,1988,111:377-381.
[11]BONANOMI G,MINGO A,INCERTI G,MAZZOLENI S,ALLEGREZZA M.Fairy rings caused by a killer fungus foster plant diversity in species-rich grassland.Journal of Vegetation Science,2012,23:236-248.
[12]雷茜,王文颖.野生黄蘑菇圈对草地植物及土壤的影响.西北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,21(2):41-46.LEI Q,WANG W Y.The growth of fairy rings of Armillaria luteo-virens and their effect upon grassland vegetation and soil.Journal of Northwest Minorities University(Natural Science),2000,21(2):41-46.
[13]赵吉,邵玉琴,包青海.草原蘑菇圈的土壤-植物系统研究.生态学杂志,2003,22(5):43-46.ZHAO J,SHAO Y Q,BAO Q H.Soil vegetation system surround the fairy ring in steppe.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2003,22(5):43-46.
[14]王启兰,姜文波,陈波.黄绿蜜环菌蘑菇圈生长对土壤及植物群落的影响.生态学杂志,2005,24(3):269-272.WANG Q L,JIANG W B,CHEN B.Effects of fairy ring growth of Armillaria luteo-virens on soil fertility and plant community.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(3):269-272.
[15]赵吉,邵玉琴,包青海,贾复珠.蒙古口蘑蘑菇圈及两侧的土壤细菌分布的比较研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(1):l01-l02.ZHAO J,SHAO Y Q,BAO Q H,JIA F Z.A comparative study on distribution of the bacteria in soil around fairy rings of Tricholoma mongolicum.Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Natural Science),1999,30(1):l01-l02.
[16]KIM M,YOON H,KIM Y E,KIM Y J.Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity and communities inhabiting the fairy ring of Tricholoma matsutake by barcoded pyrosequencing.Journal of Applied Microbiology,2014,117:699-710.
[17]OH S Y,FONG J J,PARK M S,LIM Y W.Distinctive feature of microbial communities and bacterial functional profiles in Tricholoma matsutake dominant soil.PLoS ONE,2016,11:e016857.
[18]邵玉琴,赵吉.蒙古口蘑蘑菇圈土壤微生物类群的分布研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(1):81-83.SHAO Y Q,ZHAO J.A study on soil microbial distribution in the fairy rings of Tricholoma mongolicum.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol,2000,31(1):81-83.
[19]邵玉琴,赵吉.草原蘑菇圈中土壤微生物类群数量的动态分布研究.中国草地,2000,23(1):47-50.SHAO Y Q,ZHAO J.Study on dynamic distribution of soil microbial number of the fariy ring in steppe.Grassland of China,2000,23(1):47-50.
[20]XING R,YAN H Y,GAO Q B,ZHANG F Q,WANG J L,CHEN S L.Microbial communities inhabiting the fairy ring of Floccularia luteovirens and isolation of potential mycorrhiza helper bacteria.Journal of Basic Microbiology,2018,58:554-563.
[21]YANG C,ZHANG F G,LIU N,HU J,ZHANG Y J.Changes in soil bacterial communities in response to the fairy ring fungus Agaricus gennadii in the temperate steppes of China.Pedobiologia,2018,69:34-40.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Third edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[2]宋超,图力古尔.蘑菇圈形成机理及其生态学意义.中国食用菌,2007,26(6):9-13.SONG C,TOLGOR.Fairy ring formation mechanism and its ecological significance.Edible Fungi of China,2007,26(6):9-13.
[3]FOX R T V.Fungal foes in your garden:Fairy ring mushrooms.Mycologist,2006,20:36-37.
[4]陈立红,阎伟,刘建.草原蘑菇圈对牧草长势影响的初步分析.西北植物学报,2002,22(6):1421-1425.CHEN L H,YAN W,LIU J.Preliminary study of the effects of fairy ring of grassland on the growth of herbage.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2002,22(6):1421-1425.
[5]CAESAR-TONTHAT T C,ESPELAND E,CAESAR A J,SAINJU U M,LARTEY R T,GASKIN J F.Effects of Agaricus lilaceps fairy rings on soil aggregation and microbial community structure in relation to growth stimulation of western wheatgrass(Pascopyrum smithii)in Eastern Montana Rangeland.Microbial Ecology,2013,66:120-131.
[6]XU X L,OUYANG H,CAO G M,RICHTER A,WANEK W,KUZYAKOV Y.Dominant plant species shift their nitrogen uptake patterns in response to nutrient enrichment caused by a fungal fairy in an alpine meadow.Plant Soil,2011,341:495-504.
[7]ALBRECHT W A,SHELDON V L,BLUE W G.“Fairy ring”mushrooms made protein-rich grass.Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,1951,78:83-88.
[8]FISHER R P.Nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization by the fairy ring fungus,Marasmius oreades(Bolt.)Fr..Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1977(9):239-241.
[9]EDWARDS P J.The growth of fairy rings of Agaricus arvensis and their effect upon grassland vegetation and soil.Journal of Ecology,1984,72(2):505-513.
[10]EDWARDS P J.Effects of the fairy ring fungus Agarlcus arvensis on nutrient availability in grassland.New Phycologist,1988,111:377-381.
[11]BONANOMI G,MINGO A,INCERTI G,MAZZOLENI S,ALLEGREZZA M.Fairy rings caused by a killer fungus foster plant diversity in species-rich grassland.Journal of Vegetation Science,2012,23:236-248.
[12]雷茜,王文颖.野生黄蘑菇圈对草地植物及土壤的影响.西北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,21(2):41-46.LEI Q,WANG W Y.The growth of fairy rings of Armillaria luteo-virens and their effect upon grassland vegetation and soil.Journal of Northwest Minorities University(Natural Science),2000,21(2):41-46.
[13]赵吉,邵玉琴,包青海.草原蘑菇圈的土壤-植物系统研究.生态学杂志,2003,22(5):43-46.ZHAO J,SHAO Y Q,BAO Q H.Soil vegetation system surround the fairy ring in steppe.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2003,22(5):43-46.
[14]王启兰,姜文波,陈波.黄绿蜜环菌蘑菇圈生长对土壤及植物群落的影响.生态学杂志,2005,24(3):269-272.WANG Q L,JIANG W B,CHEN B.Effects of fairy ring growth of Armillaria luteo-virens on soil fertility and plant community.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(3):269-272.
[15]赵吉,邵玉琴,包青海,贾复珠.蒙古口蘑蘑菇圈及两侧的土壤细菌分布的比较研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(1):l01-l02.ZHAO J,SHAO Y Q,BAO Q H,JIA F Z.A comparative study on distribution of the bacteria in soil around fairy rings of Tricholoma mongolicum.Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Natural Science),1999,30(1):l01-l02.
[16]KIM M,YOON H,KIM Y E,KIM Y J.Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity and communities inhabiting the fairy ring of Tricholoma matsutake by barcoded pyrosequencing.Journal of Applied Microbiology,2014,117:699-710.
[17]OH S Y,FONG J J,PARK M S,LIM Y W.Distinctive feature of microbial communities and bacterial functional profiles in Tricholoma matsutake dominant soil.PLoS ONE,2016,11:e016857.
[18]邵玉琴,赵吉.蒙古口蘑蘑菇圈土壤微生物类群的分布研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(1):81-83.SHAO Y Q,ZHAO J.A study on soil microbial distribution in the fairy rings of Tricholoma mongolicum.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol,2000,31(1):81-83.
[19]邵玉琴,赵吉.草原蘑菇圈中土壤微生物类群数量的动态分布研究.中国草地,2000,23(1):47-50.SHAO Y Q,ZHAO J.Study on dynamic distribution of soil microbial number of the fariy ring in steppe.Grassland of China,2000,23(1):47-50.
[20]XING R,YAN H Y,GAO Q B,ZHANG F Q,WANG J L,CHEN S L.Microbial communities inhabiting the fairy ring of Floccularia luteovirens and isolation of potential mycorrhiza helper bacteria.Journal of Basic Microbiology,2018,58:554-563.
[21]YANG C,ZHANG F G,LIU N,HU J,ZHANG Y J.Changes in soil bacterial communities in response to the fairy ring fungus Agaricus gennadii in the temperate steppes of China.Pedobiologia,2018,69:34-40.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Third edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.