GNSS网形变化的区域地壳形变信息提取方法
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摘要
针对GNSS三维无约束平差不依赖基准且拥有高精度几何网形的特点,以GNSS监测网作为一个整体的时空观测单元,由GNSS网测站间相互关联的所有基线长度和基线夹角变化综合衡量网形的变化,用网形的变化集中反映区域地壳形变信息。利用地壳形变高空间相关性的特点,采用主成分时空响应分析的方法实现了区域地壳形变信息的快速提取。通过对2013年芦山Ms7.0地震近场区域陆态网GPS基准站2010—2014年观测数据的解算,提取并分析了对应地震前后近场区域地壳形变时空分布特征及形变的动态演变过程。
Three dimensional adjustment of GNSS free network is independent of the reference frame,so the precision of GNSS geometrical network configuration is high.Regarding GNSS monitoring network as a spatiotemporal observation unit,the GNSS network configuration is reflected by all baselines length and angles between baselines.The regional crustal deformation signals was highlighted by the changes of the whole GNSS network configuration.According to the high space dependence of the crustal deformation signals,the crustal deformation signals were extracted quickly by the method of the principal component temporal-spatial analysis.Using the GNSS observation data recorded by reference stations of the project of China Crust Movement Measuring Network in the near field area of Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake from 2011 to 2014,the temporal-spatial distributions characteristics and dynamic evolution process of the crustal deformation before earthquake were extracted and analysed.
Three dimensional adjustment of GNSS free network is independent of the reference frame,so the precision of GNSS geometrical network configuration is high.Regarding GNSS monitoring network as a spatiotemporal observation unit,the GNSS network configuration is reflected by all baselines length and angles between baselines.The regional crustal deformation signals was highlighted by the changes of the whole GNSS network configuration.According to the high space dependence of the crustal deformation signals,the crustal deformation signals were extracted quickly by the method of the principal component temporal-spatial analysis.Using the GNSS observation data recorded by reference stations of the project of China Crust Movement Measuring Network in the near field area of Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake from 2011 to 2014,the temporal-spatial distributions characteristics and dynamic evolution process of the crustal deformation before earthquake were extracted and analysed.
引文
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[3]MENDOZA L,RICHTER A,FRITSCHE M,et al.Block modeling of crustal deformation in Tierra del Fuego from GNSS velocities[J].Tectonophysics,2015,651-652(2-3):58-65.
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[5]党亚民,陈俊勇,刘经南,等.利用国家GPS A级网资料对中国大陆现今水平形变场的初步分析[J].测绘学报,1998(3):81-87.(DANG Yamin,CHEN Junyong,LIU Jingnan,et al.The preliminary results the presentday horizontal deformation field in China by using national a-order GPS network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1998(3):81-87.)
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[13]伍吉仓,邓康伟,陈永奇.三角形形状因子对地壳形变计算精度的影响[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003(3):26-30.(WU Jicang,DENG Kangwei,CHEN Yongqi.Effects of triangle shape factor on precision of crustal deformation calculated[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003(3):26-30.)
[14]江在森,刘经南.应用最小二乘配置建立地壳运动速度场与应变场的方法[J].地球物理学报,2010(5):1109-1117.(JIANG Zaisen,LIU Jingnan.The method in establishing strain field and velocity field of crustal movement using least squares collocation[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2010(5):1109-1117.)
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[17]HERRING T A,KING R W,MCCLUSKY S C.GLOBK reference manual:global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS analysis program[Z].Release 10.4.Department of Earth,Atmospheric,and Planetary Sciences,Massachusset Institute of Technology,2010.
[18]DONG D,FANG P,BOCK Y,et al.Spatiotemporal filtering using principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loeve expansion approaches for regional GPS network analysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2006,111(B3):1581-1600.
[19]徐克科,伍吉仓,王成.利用GNSS位移时空序列进行断层无震蠕滑特征分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015(9):1247-1252.(XU Keke,WU Jicang,WANG Cheng.Analysis of fault aseismic slip feature based on GNSS displacement time-space series[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015(9):1247-1252.)
[20]赵斌,谭凯,黄勇,等.GPS测定的四川芦山Mw6.6地震同震形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2014(4):21-26.(ZHAO Bin,TAN Kai,HUANG Yong,et al.Coseismic deformation of Lushan Mw6.6earthquake inferred from continuous GPS[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2014(4):21-26.)
[21]曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山M-S7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1418-1424.(ZENG Xiangfang,LUO Yan,HAN Libo,et al.The Lushan Ms7earthquake on20April 2013:a high-angle thrust event[J].Chinese J,Geophys.2013,56(4):1418-1424.)
[22]徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震[J].科学通报,2013(20):1887-1893.(XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,HAN Zhujun,et al.Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake:a blind reserve-fault earthquake[J].Chin Sci Bull,2013(20):1887-1893.)
[2]MCCAFFREY R,KING R W,PAYNE S J,et al.Active tectonics of northwestern US inferred from GPSderived surface velocities[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2013,118(2):709-723.
[3]MENDOZA L,RICHTER A,FRITSCHE M,et al.Block modeling of crustal deformation in Tierra del Fuego from GNSS velocities[J].Tectonophysics,2015,651-652(2-3):58-65.
[4]陈永奇,伍吉仓.利用GNSS监测区域地壳形变的理论与方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(11):961-966.(CHEN Yongqi,WU Jicang.Methodology for monitoring regional crustal deformation using GPS[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(11):961-966.)
[5]党亚民,陈俊勇,刘经南,等.利用国家GPS A级网资料对中国大陆现今水平形变场的初步分析[J].测绘学报,1998(3):81-87.(DANG Yamin,CHEN Junyong,LIU Jingnan,et al.The preliminary results the presentday horizontal deformation field in China by using national a-order GPS network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1998(3):81-87.)
[6]江在森,马宗晋,张希,等.GPS初步结果揭示的中国大陆水平应变场与构造变形[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3):352-358.(JIANG Zaisen,MA Zongjin,ZHANG Xi,et al.Horizontal Strain field and tectonic deformation of China mainland revealed by preliminary GPS result[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2003,46(3):352-358.)
[7]刘经南,施闯,许才军,等.利用局域复测GPS网研究中国大陆块体现今地壳运动速度场[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001(3):189-195.(LIU Jingnan,SHI Chuang,XU Caijun,et al.Present-day crustal movement speed field of China continent block using local repeated GPS network[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2001(3):189-195.)
[8]徐克科,伍吉仓,吴伟伟.基于GNSS时空数据的瞬态无震蠕滑信息检测[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(7):2330-2338.(XU Keke,WU Jicang,WU Weiwei.Detecting transient aseismic slip of active fault using GNSS spatio-temporal data[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2015,58(7):2330-2338.)
[9]顾国华,王武星,徐岳仁,等.区域网GPS观测得到的2008年汶川MS8.0地震前的地壳水平运动[J].地震学报,2009(6):597-605.(GU Guohua,WANG Wuxing,XU Yueren,et al.Horizontal crustal movement before the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake obtained from GPS observation in regional network[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009(6):597-605.)
[10]江在森,武艳强,方颖,等.汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与应变场动态特征[J].地震,2009(1):68-76.(JIANG Zaisen,WU Yanqiang,FANG Ying,et al.Dynamic characteristics of the strain fields and crustal movements before the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake[J].Earthquake,2009(1):68-76.)
[11]郭良迁,胡新康.GNSS连续站的基线变化与青藏块体的现代活动[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009(4):10-14.(GUO Liangqian,HU Xinkang.Baseline variation of GPS continuous sites and current activity of Qinghai-Tibet Block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009(4):10-14.)
[12]张风霜,占伟,孙东颖.2011年日本9.0级地震前后GNSS基线时间序列分析[J].地震研究,2012(2):190-200.(ZHANG Fengshuang,ZHAN Wei,SUN Dongying.Anlysis of GPS baseline time series before and after Tohoku-oki M9.0Earthquake in Japan in 2011[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2012(2):190-200.)
[13]伍吉仓,邓康伟,陈永奇.三角形形状因子对地壳形变计算精度的影响[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003(3):26-30.(WU Jicang,DENG Kangwei,CHEN Yongqi.Effects of triangle shape factor on precision of crustal deformation calculated[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003(3):26-30.)
[14]江在森,刘经南.应用最小二乘配置建立地壳运动速度场与应变场的方法[J].地球物理学报,2010(5):1109-1117.(JIANG Zaisen,LIU Jingnan.The method in establishing strain field and velocity field of crustal movement using least squares collocation[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2010(5):1109-1117.)
[15]许才军,尹智.利用大地测量资料反演构造应力应变场研究进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014(10):1135-1146.(XU Caijun,YIN Zhi.Progress in inversion for tectonic stress-strain fields using geodetic data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014(10):1135-1146.)
[16]HERRING T A,KING R W,MCCLUSKY S C.GAMIT Reference manual:GPS analysis at MIT[Z].Release 10.4.Department of Earth,Atmospheric,and Planetary Sciences,Massachusset Institute of Technology,2010.
[17]HERRING T A,KING R W,MCCLUSKY S C.GLOBK reference manual:global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS analysis program[Z].Release 10.4.Department of Earth,Atmospheric,and Planetary Sciences,Massachusset Institute of Technology,2010.
[18]DONG D,FANG P,BOCK Y,et al.Spatiotemporal filtering using principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loeve expansion approaches for regional GPS network analysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2006,111(B3):1581-1600.
[19]徐克科,伍吉仓,王成.利用GNSS位移时空序列进行断层无震蠕滑特征分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015(9):1247-1252.(XU Keke,WU Jicang,WANG Cheng.Analysis of fault aseismic slip feature based on GNSS displacement time-space series[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015(9):1247-1252.)
[20]赵斌,谭凯,黄勇,等.GPS测定的四川芦山Mw6.6地震同震形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2014(4):21-26.(ZHAO Bin,TAN Kai,HUANG Yong,et al.Coseismic deformation of Lushan Mw6.6earthquake inferred from continuous GPS[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2014(4):21-26.)
[21]曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山M-S7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1418-1424.(ZENG Xiangfang,LUO Yan,HAN Libo,et al.The Lushan Ms7earthquake on20April 2013:a high-angle thrust event[J].Chinese J,Geophys.2013,56(4):1418-1424.)
[22]徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震[J].科学通报,2013(20):1887-1893.(XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,HAN Zhujun,et al.Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake:a blind reserve-fault earthquake[J].Chin Sci Bull,2013(20):1887-1893.)