渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷下古生界烃源岩生物标志物特征
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摘要
利用GC-MS技术对渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩的生物标志物进行研究,探讨了烃源岩沉积环境、有机质来源及热演化程度,对比了其与古近系烃源岩的差异。研究表明:下古生界碳酸盐岩正构烷烃主峰碳数低、奇偶优势不明显,类异构烷烃呈弱植烷优势或姥鲛烷-植烷均势;萜烷类化合物以藿烷为主、三环萜烷含量较低、四环萜烷相对较多,升藿烷系列分布正常,γ-蜡烷含量较低;C27、C28和C29规则甾烷呈不对称的"V"型分布,重排甾烷含量低,4α-甲基甾烷含量较高;芳烃中菲和三芴系列占优势,缺少联苯等高等植物输入的生物标志物,萘系列丰富及1,2,5-三甲基萘、1,2,5,6-四甲基萘丰度低,三芴中硫芴丰度高、氧芴低,芳香甾烷以三芳甾烷为主,缺失单芳甾烷。上述特征指示,下古生界烃源岩形成于还原性浅海环境,源于菌藻类和浮游类低等生物,演化阶段处于高—过成熟阶段。对比优选出了可以区分下古生界与古近系烃源岩的4个饱和烃和5个芳烃生标参数,为该区下古生界油藏的油源判识提供了依据。
The biomarkers of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Chenzhen Sag of Bohai Bay Basin were studied using GS-MS. Their sedimentary environment,organic matter origin and thermal evolution degree were discussed,and compared them with the Eogene source rocks. The normal alkanes showed a single-peak distribution,with the main peak carbon varying between n-C16 and n-C18. Odd/even carbon number preference was not obvious,and Pr/Ph ratio ranged from 0.37 to 1.2,showing a weak phytane dominance or a balance between pristane and phytane.Hopane was the main terpane compound,with low tricyclic terpanes,high tetracyclic terpane,normal homohopane and low gammacerane contents. The C27,C28,C29 regular steranes showed an asymmetrical "V"type distribution,with low rearranged sterane and high 4-methyl rearranged sterane contents. Phenanthrene and tris-fluorene series were the main aromatic compounds,lack of biphenyl and other higher plant imported biomarkers. The naphthalene series was abundant while 1,2,5-trimethylnaphthalene and 1,2,5,6-tetramethylnaphthalene had a low abundance. Dibenzothiophenes were rich and dibenzofurans were poor. Aromatic steranes were mainly triaryl steranes,and mono-aromatic steranes were absent.These biomarkers indicated that the Lower Paleozoic source rocks were deposited in a reductive shallow sea environment,mainly originated from fungus,algae and lower aquatic plankton,and were highly mature and over-mature. Four saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers and five aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers were chosen to distinguish source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic and the Eogene,which provided evidence for oil and source correlation.
The biomarkers of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Chenzhen Sag of Bohai Bay Basin were studied using GS-MS. Their sedimentary environment,organic matter origin and thermal evolution degree were discussed,and compared them with the Eogene source rocks. The normal alkanes showed a single-peak distribution,with the main peak carbon varying between n-C16 and n-C18. Odd/even carbon number preference was not obvious,and Pr/Ph ratio ranged from 0.37 to 1.2,showing a weak phytane dominance or a balance between pristane and phytane.Hopane was the main terpane compound,with low tricyclic terpanes,high tetracyclic terpane,normal homohopane and low gammacerane contents. The C27,C28,C29 regular steranes showed an asymmetrical "V"type distribution,with low rearranged sterane and high 4-methyl rearranged sterane contents. Phenanthrene and tris-fluorene series were the main aromatic compounds,lack of biphenyl and other higher plant imported biomarkers. The naphthalene series was abundant while 1,2,5-trimethylnaphthalene and 1,2,5,6-tetramethylnaphthalene had a low abundance. Dibenzothiophenes were rich and dibenzofurans were poor. Aromatic steranes were mainly triaryl steranes,and mono-aromatic steranes were absent.These biomarkers indicated that the Lower Paleozoic source rocks were deposited in a reductive shallow sea environment,mainly originated from fungus,algae and lower aquatic plankton,and were highly mature and over-mature. Four saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers and five aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers were chosen to distinguish source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic and the Eogene,which provided evidence for oil and source correlation.
引文
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[13]马安来,张水昌,张大江,等.轮南、塔河油田稠油油源对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,25(1):31-38.Ma Anlai,Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Dajiang,et al.Oil and source correlation in Lunnan and Tahe heavy oil fields[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,25(1):31-38.
[14]DamstéJ S S,Kenig F,Koopmans M P,et al.Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(9):1895-1900.
[15]Robinson N,Eglinton G,Brassell S C,et al.Dinoflagellate origin for sedimentary 4α-methylsteroids and 5α(H)-stanols[J].Nature,1984,308(5958):439-442.
[16]Summons R E,Thomas J,Maxwel J R,et al.Secular and environmental constraints on the occurrence of dinosterane in sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(6):2437-2444.
[17]Goodwin N.E.Mann A.L.Patience R.L.Structure and significance of C304-methyl steranes in lacustrine shales and oils[J].Organic Geochemistry,1988,12(5):495-506.
[18]Brassell S C,Eglinton G,Mo Fujia.Biological marker compounds as indicators of the depositional history of the Maoming oil shale[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10(4/6):927-941.
[19]王广利,王铁冠,陈致林,等.济阳坳陷古近纪沟鞭藻分子化石的分布与控制因素[J].沉积学报,2008,26(1):100-104.Wang Guangli,Wang Tieguan,Chen Zhilin,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of molecular fossils derived from Dinoflagellates in the Paleogene lacustrine Jiyang super-depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(1):100-104.
[20]陈致林,李素娟,Alexander R.甲藻甾烷:—种生源和沉积环境的生物标志物[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(3):60-64.Chen Zhilin,Li Sujuan,Alexander R.Dinosterane as a biomarker of biogenic origin and sedimentary environment[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(3):60-64.
[21]王铁冠,何发岐,李美俊,等.烷基二苯并噻吩类:示踪油藏充注途径的分子标志物[J].科学通报,2005,50(2):176-182.Wang Tieguan,He Faqi,Li Meijun,et al.Alkyldibenzothiophenes:Molecular tracers for filling pathway in oil reservoirs[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(22):2399-2404.
[22]Alexander R,Kagi R I,Rowland S J,et al.The effects of thermal maturity on distributions of dimethylnaphthalenes and trimethylnaphthalenes in some ancient sediments and petroleums[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(2):385-395.
[23]Radke M,Rullk9tter J,Vriend S P.Distribution of naphthalenes in crude oils from the Java Sea:Source and maturation effects[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(17):3675-3689.
[24]曾凡刚,程克明.华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩芳烃生物标志物地球化学特征:兼论饱和烃、芳烃生源组合特征[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(3):33-39.Zeng Fangang,Cheng Keming.Characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers from Lower Palaeozoic marine carbonate rocks in North China[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,26(3):33-39.
[25]Radke M,Welte D H,Willsch H.Geochemical study on a well in the Western Canada Basin:Relation of the aromatic distribution pattern to maturity of organic matter[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46(1):1-10.
[26]Hughes W B.Use of thiophenic organosulfur compounds in characterizing crude oils derived from carbonate versus siliciclastic sources[C]//Palacas J B.Petroleum geochemistry and source rock potential of carbonate rocks.Tulsa,Oklahoma:AAPG,1984:181-196.
[2]王琳,张善文,刘雅利,等.车镇凹陷北带沙三段下亚段有利储层形成机制与分布规律[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(6):34-40.Wang Lin,Zhang Shanwen,Liu Yali,et al.Formation mechanism and distribution laws of favorable reservoir in lower Es3in the north zone of Chezhen Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(6):34-40.
[3]张林晔,孔祥星,张春荣,等.济阳坳陷下第三系优质烃源岩的发育及其意义[J].地球化学,2003,32(1):35-42.Zhang Linye,Kong Xiangxing,Zhang Chunrong,et al.High-quality oil-prone source rocks in Jiyang Depression[J].Geochimica,2003,32(1):35-42.
[4]孔祥星,张林晔,徐思煌.济阳坳陷车西洼陷油-源对比及运移规律探讨[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):188-193.Kong Xiangxing,Zhang Linye,Xu Sihuang.Oil-source correlation and migration regularities in the Chexi Sag,the Jiyang Depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(2):188-193.
[5]薛海涛,卢双舫,张学军,等.济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价[J].地球化学,2006,35(6):609-614.Xue Haitao,Lu Shuangfang,Zhang Xuejun,et al.Evaluation of Lower Paleozoic carbonate source rocks in Jiyang Depression[J].Geochimica,2006,35(6):609-614.
[6]王永诗.箕状断陷湖盆滑脱潜山油气成藏模式:以富台油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):13-16.Wang Yongshi.Detachment buried-hill oil-gas reservoir-forming pattern in half-graben fault depression lake basin:Taking Futai oilfield as example[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(4):13-16.
[7]李钜源.济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩生烃动力学研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2006.Li Juyuan.Research on the kinetics of hydrocarbon generation of the Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rocks in the Jiyang Depression[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum(East China),2006.
[8]曾凡刚,程克明.华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩饱和烃生物标志物地球化学特征[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(3):25-32.Zeng Fangang,Cheng Keming.Geochemical characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers from Lower Palaeozoic marine carbonate rocks in North China[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,26(3):25-32.
[9]李永新,耿安松,刘金萍,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩有机地球化学特征[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(1):75-81.Li Yongxin,Geng Ansong,Liu Jinping,et al.Organic geochemical characteristics of the Lower Palaeozoic Carbonate rocks in the Huanghua Depression,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(1):75-81.
[10]Connan J,Bouroullec J,Dessort D,et al.The microbial input in carbonate-anhydrite facies of a sabkha palaeoenvironment from Guatemala:A molecular approach[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10(1/3):29-50.
[11]包建平,朱翠山,倪春华.北部湾盆地不同凹陷原油生物标志物分布与组成特征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(4):646-652.Bao Jianping,Zhu Cuishan,Ni Chunhua.Distribution and composition of biomarkers in crude oils from different sags of Beibuwan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(4):646-652.
[12]Peters K E,Moldowan J M.The biomarker guide:Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1993:1-363.
[13]马安来,张水昌,张大江,等.轮南、塔河油田稠油油源对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,25(1):31-38.Ma Anlai,Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Dajiang,et al.Oil and source correlation in Lunnan and Tahe heavy oil fields[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,25(1):31-38.
[14]DamstéJ S S,Kenig F,Koopmans M P,et al.Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(9):1895-1900.
[15]Robinson N,Eglinton G,Brassell S C,et al.Dinoflagellate origin for sedimentary 4α-methylsteroids and 5α(H)-stanols[J].Nature,1984,308(5958):439-442.
[16]Summons R E,Thomas J,Maxwel J R,et al.Secular and environmental constraints on the occurrence of dinosterane in sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(6):2437-2444.
[17]Goodwin N.E.Mann A.L.Patience R.L.Structure and significance of C304-methyl steranes in lacustrine shales and oils[J].Organic Geochemistry,1988,12(5):495-506.
[18]Brassell S C,Eglinton G,Mo Fujia.Biological marker compounds as indicators of the depositional history of the Maoming oil shale[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10(4/6):927-941.
[19]王广利,王铁冠,陈致林,等.济阳坳陷古近纪沟鞭藻分子化石的分布与控制因素[J].沉积学报,2008,26(1):100-104.Wang Guangli,Wang Tieguan,Chen Zhilin,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of molecular fossils derived from Dinoflagellates in the Paleogene lacustrine Jiyang super-depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(1):100-104.
[20]陈致林,李素娟,Alexander R.甲藻甾烷:—种生源和沉积环境的生物标志物[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(3):60-64.Chen Zhilin,Li Sujuan,Alexander R.Dinosterane as a biomarker of biogenic origin and sedimentary environment[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(3):60-64.
[21]王铁冠,何发岐,李美俊,等.烷基二苯并噻吩类:示踪油藏充注途径的分子标志物[J].科学通报,2005,50(2):176-182.Wang Tieguan,He Faqi,Li Meijun,et al.Alkyldibenzothiophenes:Molecular tracers for filling pathway in oil reservoirs[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(22):2399-2404.
[22]Alexander R,Kagi R I,Rowland S J,et al.The effects of thermal maturity on distributions of dimethylnaphthalenes and trimethylnaphthalenes in some ancient sediments and petroleums[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(2):385-395.
[23]Radke M,Rullk9tter J,Vriend S P.Distribution of naphthalenes in crude oils from the Java Sea:Source and maturation effects[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(17):3675-3689.
[24]曾凡刚,程克明.华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩芳烃生物标志物地球化学特征:兼论饱和烃、芳烃生源组合特征[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(3):33-39.Zeng Fangang,Cheng Keming.Characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers from Lower Palaeozoic marine carbonate rocks in North China[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,26(3):33-39.
[25]Radke M,Welte D H,Willsch H.Geochemical study on a well in the Western Canada Basin:Relation of the aromatic distribution pattern to maturity of organic matter[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46(1):1-10.
[26]Hughes W B.Use of thiophenic organosulfur compounds in characterizing crude oils derived from carbonate versus siliciclastic sources[C]//Palacas J B.Petroleum geochemistry and source rock potential of carbonate rocks.Tulsa,Oklahoma:AAPG,1984:181-196.