新疆祁漫塔格地区地表水水化学特征及成因分析
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摘要
文中在新疆祁漫塔格地区152组地表水水化学测试数据的基础上,通过描述性统计分析结果可知研究区地表水属于矿化度、总硬度总体偏高的弱碱性水,地表水中阳离子以Na~++K~+为主,阴离子以Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)为主;采用阿廖金分类法划分地表水水化学类型,研究区地表水以ClNaⅢ、ClNaⅡ型水为主。通过相关性分析、Gibbs图解法、阴阳离子三角图法、离子比值端元图法和饱和指数法等对地表水水化学成因进行分析,分析结果表明研究区地表水化学组分主要受硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩(岩盐和硫酸盐矿物)的风化溶解和蒸发-浓缩作用的影响,而大气降水作用和人类活动对地表水化学组分的影响不大。
The results of testing of 152 surface water sampling points in Qimantage area of Xinjiang showed that the surface water is weak alkaline and belongs to the high total hardness and mineralization by the descriptive statistics analysis. The surface water is dominated by Na~++ K~+in cations and SO_4~(2-),Cl~- in anions. The hydrochemical types can be classified into ClNaⅢtype and ClNaⅡtype by Arliekin 's classification. We also analyzed the causes of surface water hydrochemistry with the methods of correlation analysis,Gibbs diagram,triangle plots for the cations and anions,end-member diagram of ionic ratios and saturation index. The results showed that surface water chemical compositions are mainly influenced by the weathering of silicate rocks and evaporate rocks( including rock salt and sulphate mineral),and strong evaporation. However,the atmospheric precipitation and human activities have little effect on the surface water chemical compositions.
The results of testing of 152 surface water sampling points in Qimantage area of Xinjiang showed that the surface water is weak alkaline and belongs to the high total hardness and mineralization by the descriptive statistics analysis. The surface water is dominated by Na~++ K~+in cations and SO_4~(2-),Cl~- in anions. The hydrochemical types can be classified into ClNaⅢtype and ClNaⅡtype by Arliekin 's classification. We also analyzed the causes of surface water hydrochemistry with the methods of correlation analysis,Gibbs diagram,triangle plots for the cations and anions,end-member diagram of ionic ratios and saturation index. The results showed that surface water chemical compositions are mainly influenced by the weathering of silicate rocks and evaporate rocks( including rock salt and sulphate mineral),and strong evaporation. However,the atmospheric precipitation and human activities have little effect on the surface water chemical compositions.
引文
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[2]王亚平,王岚,许春雪,等.长江水系水文地球化学特征及主要离子的化学成因[J].地质通报,2010,29(2):446-456.
[3]王兵,李心清,袁洪林,等.黄河下游地区河水主要离子和锶同位素的地球化学特征[J].环境化学,2009,28(6):876-882.
[4]李丹.中国东部若干入海河流水化学特征与入海通量研究[D].华东师范大学,2009.
[5]Hu M H,Stallard R F,Edmond J M.Major ion chemistry of some large Chinese rivers[J].Nature,1982,298(5874):550-553.
[6]刘昭.雅鲁藏布江拉萨-林芝段天然水水化学及同位素特征研究[D].成都理工大学,2011.
[7]孙瑞,张雪芹,吴艳红.藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子特征及其控制因素[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(4):600-608.
[8]刘永林,雒昆利,李玲,等.新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):794-802.
[9]朱秉启,杨小平.塔克拉玛干沙漠天然水体的化学特征及其成因[J].科学通报,2007,52(13):1561-1566.
[10]肖捷颖,赵品,李卫红.塔里木河流域地表水水化学空间特征及控制因素研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(1):33-40.
[11]周嘉欣,丁永建,曾国雄,等.疏勒河上游地表水水化学主离子特征及其控制因素[J].环境科学,2014(9):3315-3324.
[12]新疆祁漫塔格整装勘查区水文地质环境地质调查评价[R].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[13]王剑辉.祁漫塔格地区矿产资源分布与产业布局[D].中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[14]张乾柱,陶贞,马赞文,等.海南岛干季化学风化产物输出及其控制因素[J].地球与环境,2015,43(6):589-599.
[15]国家环境保护总局中华人民共和国水利部.SL395-2007,地表水资源质量评价技术规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[16]王晓曦,王文科,王周锋,等.滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):25-33.
[17]钱程,武雄.盐池内流区地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(3):169-175.
[18]代述勇,雷加强,赵景峰,等.策勒西部荒漠-绿洲过渡带地下水特征及生态影响分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):99-103.
[19]新疆维吾尔自治区国土资源厅.新疆维吾尔自治区矿产开发简明图集[R].新疆:新疆维吾尔自治区国土资源厅,2004.
[20]张艳,吴勇,杨军,等.阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015(9):3230-3237.
[21]李皎,李明慧,方小敏,等.柯鲁克湖水化学特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(1):43-51.
[22]阿不都沙拉木·加拉力丁,王欣,师芸宏.吐鲁番市地表水水化学特征变化分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2481-2486.
[23]Gaillardet J,DupréB,Louvat P,et al.Global silicate weathering and CO2,consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers[J].Chemical Geology,1999,159(1-4):3-30.
[24]李皎,李明慧,方小敏,等.柯鲁克湖水化学特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(1):43-51.
[25]Chen J,Wang F,Xia X,et al.Major element chemistry of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)[J].Chemical Geology,2002,187(3-4):231-255.
[26]周长进,董锁成.柴达木盆地主要河流的水质研究及水环境保护[J].资源科学,2002,24(2):37-41.
[27]Zhao X Y.Impacts of human activity on environment in the high-cold pasturing area:A case of Gannan pasturing area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(3):141-149.
[28]钱会,马致远,李培月.水文地球化学[M](第2版).北京:地质出版社,2012.