火山与岩溶地貌的相似性分析及勘探启示
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摘要
通过野外露头的实际对比发现,火山熔岩隧道与岩溶溶洞均为由廊道–厅堂构成的近水平长条形空间,其形成均与流体对岩层的侵蚀有关,后期主要经历机械垮塌和沉积充填破坏;破火山口与岩溶漏斗均为近中央部位存在陡直管道的漏斗形洼地,两者分别是在熔岩喷出和流水下渗通道的基础上,由岩层垮塌改造形成,后期主要经历沉积充填作用;火山渣状熔岩与岩溶石芽地貌均为破碎岩块纵横排列形成的带状、席状岩石群,岩石孔缝在后期埋藏中经历沉积和化学充填作用。相似的结构形态及后期改造过程,使其埋藏后的储集空间类型与展布相似,据此可借鉴已有的碳酸盐岩缝洞储层研究成果,指导火山岩储层的预测与评价。
Through the actual comparison of field outcrops, it is found that both lava tunnels and karst caves are horizontal strip spaces formed by corridors and halls, and their formation is related to the erosion of rock layers by fluids. In the later period, they mainly experience mechanical collapse and sedimentary filling failure.Both caldera and karst funnel are funnel-shaped depressions with steep pipes near the center. They are formed by rock collapse on the basis of lava ejection and flowing water infiltration channels, and mainly go through sedimentation and filling in the later period. Scoria lava and karst stone bud landform are zonal and sheet rock groups formed by the horizontal and vertical arrangement of broken rock blocks. They are caused by collapsed rock stratums surrounding tunnels of lava or water flows. Both are easily remolded by sedimentary filling.Scoria and clint are complex arranged bond-like and/or sheet-like broken rocks. Fractures and pores/caves are easily found and mainly filled by sediment and/or chemical minerals. The similar structural morphology and the post-reconstruction process make the type of reservoir space after burial similar to the distribution.Therefore, the existing research results of carbonate fracture-cavern reservoirs can be used for reference to guide the distribution prediction and evaluation of volcanic rock reservoirs.
Through the actual comparison of field outcrops, it is found that both lava tunnels and karst caves are horizontal strip spaces formed by corridors and halls, and their formation is related to the erosion of rock layers by fluids. In the later period, they mainly experience mechanical collapse and sedimentary filling failure.Both caldera and karst funnel are funnel-shaped depressions with steep pipes near the center. They are formed by rock collapse on the basis of lava ejection and flowing water infiltration channels, and mainly go through sedimentation and filling in the later period. Scoria lava and karst stone bud landform are zonal and sheet rock groups formed by the horizontal and vertical arrangement of broken rock blocks. They are caused by collapsed rock stratums surrounding tunnels of lava or water flows. Both are easily remolded by sedimentary filling.Scoria and clint are complex arranged bond-like and/or sheet-like broken rocks. Fractures and pores/caves are easily found and mainly filled by sediment and/or chemical minerals. The similar structural morphology and the post-reconstruction process make the type of reservoir space after burial similar to the distribution.Therefore, the existing research results of carbonate fracture-cavern reservoirs can be used for reference to guide the distribution prediction and evaluation of volcanic rock reservoirs.
引文
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[21]张长建，刘少杰，罗少辉，等．塔里木盆地皮山破火山口构造及其油气地质意义[J]．新疆石油地质，2016,37(3):281-285．
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[28]付金华，白海峰，孙六一，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集体类型及特征[J]．石油学报，2012,34(S2):110-117．
[29]陈新发，匡喜春，查明，等．火山岩油气成藏机理与勘探技术——以准噶尔盆地为例[M]．北京：科学出版社，2014．
[30]曲长胜，邱隆伟，李文涛，等．渤海湾盆地潍北凹陷孔三段中基性火山岩储层特征及控制因素[J]．吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2016,46(5):1 284-1 296．
[31]夏日元．碳酸盐岩缝洞系统模式及成因研究[M].北京：地质出版社，2011．
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[35]BORRERO M L.Hondo evaporites within the Grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform,Alberta,Canada[D].Edmonton:University of Alberta,2010．
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[37]BIVER P,LONGIS CH,PENNA E,et al.Modeling uncertainties in Carbonate karstic reservoirs:Presentation of tool and its application to a real field case in Russia[C]//SPE Russian Oil&Gas Exploration&Production Technical Conference and Exhibition.Moscow,Russia,2012:16-18．
[38]朱光有，杨海军，苏劲，等．中国海相油气地质理论新进展[J]．岩石学报，2012,28(3):722-738．
[39]康玉柱．塔里木盆地塔河大油田形成的地质条件及前景展望[J]．中国地质，2003,30(3):315-319．
[40]秦小双，师永民，吴文娟，等．准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩储层主控因素分析[J]．北京大学学报（自然科学版），2012,48(1):54-60．
[41]张奎华，林会喜，张关龙，等．哈山构造带火山岩储层发育特征及控制因素[J]．中国石油大学学报（自然科学版），2015,39(2):16-22．
[42]SCHUTTER,S R.Hydrocarbon occurrences and exploration in and around igneous rock[C]//Petford N,McCaffrey K J W.hydrocarbon in crystalline rocks.London:the Geological Society of London,2003:7-34．
[43]WANG R C,XU H M,SHAO Y,et al.Reservoir characteristics of carboniferous volcanic rocks in Ludong area of Junggar basin[J].Acta Petrilei Sinica,2008,29(3):350-355．
[44]何治亮，彭守涛，张涛．塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系储层形成的控制因素和复合联合成因机制[J]．石油与天然气地质，2010,31(6):743-752．
[45]李阳．塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J]．石油学报，2013,34(1):115-121．
[46]田飞，金强，李阳．塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型储层小型缝洞及其充填物测井识别[J]．石油与天然气地质，2012,33(6):900-908.
[2]吕宗文.黑龙江五大连池火山群现代火山构造及其形成机制[M]．火山地质与矿产，1994,15(1):5-21．
[3]ANDERSON,S W.The development of fluid instabilities and preferred pathways in lava flow interiors:insights from analog experiments and fractal analysis[J].GSA Bulletin,2005,396:147．
[4]丁晨，沈方．中国喀斯特地貌的形成机制及分布[J]．唐山师范学院学报，2001,25(5):72-73．
[5]陈清华，刘池阳，王书香，等．碳酸盐岩缝洞系统研究现状与展望[J]．石油与天然气地质，2003,23(2):196-202．
[6]夏日元．塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层古岩溶发育规律[M]．水文地球化学研究进展，北京：地质出版社，2012:233-240．
[7]PETFORD N,MCCAFFREY K J W.Hydrocarbon in crystalline rocks[M].London:the Geological Society of London,2003．
[8]邹才能，赵文智，贾承造，等．中国沉积盆地火山岩油气藏形成与分布[J]．石油勘探与开发，2008,35(3):257-270．
[9]纪友亮．油气储层地质学[M]．山东青岛：中国石油大学出版社，2009:156-172．
[10]LOUCKS,R G.Paleocave carbonate reservoirs:origins,burial-depth modifications,spatial complexity and reservoir implications[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(11):1 795-1 834．
[11]马永生，蔡勋育，赵培荣．深层、超深层碳酸盐岩油气储层形成机理研究综述[J]．地学前缘，2011,18(4):181-192．
[12]曹建文，夏日元，张庆玉．应用古地貌成因组合识别法恢复塔河油田主体区古岩溶地貌[J]．新疆石油地质，2015,36(3):285-287．
[13]康志宏，陈琳，鲁新便，等．塔河岩溶型碳酸盐岩缝洞系统流体动态连通性研究[J]．地学前缘，2012,19(2):110-120．
[14]石磊，李书兵，黄亮，等．火山岩储层研究现状与存在的问题[J]．西南石油大学学报:自然科学版，2009,31(5):68-72．
[15]衣健，王璞珺，唐华风，等．火山地层界面的地质属性、地质内涵和储层意义——以中国东北地区中生代-新生代火山岩为例[J]．石油学报，2015,36(3):324-336．
[16]PETERSON D W,SWANSON D A.Observed formation of lava tubes during 1970-1971 at Kilauea Volcano,Hawaii[J].Studies in Speleology,1974,2(6):209-223．
[17]金强，田飞，鲁新便，等．塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶径流带的垮塌充填特征分析[J]．石油与天然气地质，2015,36(6):729-735．
[18]徐微，蔡忠贤，贾振远，等．塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏溶洞充填物特征[J]．现代地质，2010,24(2):287-293．
[19]AGUST GUDMUNDSSON.Infrastructure and mechanics of volcanic systems in Iceland[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1995,64(1-2):1-22．
[20]宋明水，赵乐强，吴春文，等．准噶尔盆地车排子地区石炭系顶部风化壳结构及其控藏作用[J]，石油与天然气地质，2016,37(3):13-21．
[21]张长建，刘少杰，罗少辉，等．塔里木盆地皮山破火山口构造及其油气地质意义[J]．新疆石油地质，2016,37(3):281-285．
[22]安卫平，苏宗正．山西大同火山地貌[J]．山西地震，2008,36(1):1-5．
[23]李永生．五大连池老黑山熔岩流分形特征机器成因研究[D]．北京：首都师范大学，2009．
[24]白志达，孙善平，李家振，等．五大连池新期火山锥体结构及喷发过程[J]．地质论评，1999,45（增刊）：369-377．
[25]吕洪波．五大连池世界地质公园中“火山弹”与“喷气锥”景点定名商榷[J]．地质论评，2007,53(3):383-389．
[26]SINGLE R T,JARRAM D A.The 3D facies architecture of flood basalt provinces and their internal heterogeneity:examples from the Paleogene Skye Lava Field[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2004,161(6):911-926．
[27]DOU Q,SUN Y,SULLIVAN C.Rock-physics-based carbonate pore type characterization and reservoir permeability heterogeneity evaluation,Upper San Andres reservoir,Permian basin,west Texas[J].Ournal of Applied Geophysics,2011,74(1):8-18．
[28]付金华，白海峰，孙六一，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集体类型及特征[J]．石油学报，2012,34(S2):110-117．
[29]陈新发，匡喜春，查明，等．火山岩油气成藏机理与勘探技术——以准噶尔盆地为例[M]．北京：科学出版社，2014．
[30]曲长胜，邱隆伟，李文涛，等．渤海湾盆地潍北凹陷孔三段中基性火山岩储层特征及控制因素[J]．吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2016,46(5):1 284-1 296．
[31]夏日元．碳酸盐岩缝洞系统模式及成因研究[M].北京：地质出版社，2011．
[32]金强，田飞．塔河油田岩溶型碳酸盐岩缝洞结构研究[J]．中国石油大学学报（自然科学版），2013,37(5):15-21．
[33]CRAIG D H.Caves and other features of Permian Karst in sand and dolomite,Yates field reservoir,west Texas[M].JAMES N.P.Choquette.Paleokarst.Springer-Verlag,1988:342-363．
[34]ZENG H L,C KERANS,F J LUCIA.3-D seismic detection of collapsed paleocave systems in the Clear Fork-Glorieta platform,Hobbs field,New Mexico[C]//International Exposition and 76th Annual Meeting,Technical Program,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,New Orleans,2006:1 023-1 027．
[35]BORRERO M L.Hondo evaporites within the Grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform,Alberta,Canada[D].Edmonton:University of Alberta,2010．
[36]BARTOLINI C,R T BUFFLER,J BLICKWEDE.The Circum-Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean:Hydrocarbon habitats,basin formation and plate tectonics[J].AAPGMemoir 79,2003:169-183．
[37]BIVER P,LONGIS CH,PENNA E,et al.Modeling uncertainties in Carbonate karstic reservoirs:Presentation of tool and its application to a real field case in Russia[C]//SPE Russian Oil&Gas Exploration&Production Technical Conference and Exhibition.Moscow,Russia,2012:16-18．
[38]朱光有，杨海军，苏劲，等．中国海相油气地质理论新进展[J]．岩石学报，2012,28(3):722-738．
[39]康玉柱．塔里木盆地塔河大油田形成的地质条件及前景展望[J]．中国地质，2003,30(3):315-319．
[40]秦小双，师永民，吴文娟，等．准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩储层主控因素分析[J]．北京大学学报（自然科学版），2012,48(1):54-60．
[41]张奎华，林会喜，张关龙，等．哈山构造带火山岩储层发育特征及控制因素[J]．中国石油大学学报（自然科学版），2015,39(2):16-22．
[42]SCHUTTER,S R.Hydrocarbon occurrences and exploration in and around igneous rock[C]//Petford N,McCaffrey K J W.hydrocarbon in crystalline rocks.London:the Geological Society of London,2003:7-34．
[43]WANG R C,XU H M,SHAO Y,et al.Reservoir characteristics of carboniferous volcanic rocks in Ludong area of Junggar basin[J].Acta Petrilei Sinica,2008,29(3):350-355．
[44]何治亮，彭守涛，张涛．塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系储层形成的控制因素和复合联合成因机制[J]．石油与天然气地质，2010,31(6):743-752．
[45]李阳．塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J]．石油学报，2013,34(1):115-121．
[46]田飞，金强，李阳．塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型储层小型缝洞及其充填物测井识别[J]．石油与天然气地质，2012,33(6):900-908.