上海中心城区典型绿地土壤物理性质特征研究
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摘要
以浦西为主的上海中心城区典型公园和公共绿地土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查,分析绿地土壤基本物理特性、各物理性质的相关性以及不同植被类型对土壤基本物理性质的影响。结果表明:上海中心城区绿地土壤质地黏重,以粉(砂)质黏壤土为主;土壤体积质量偏高,37.72%的土壤超过《绿化种植土壤》要求;土壤孔隙较差,82.46%土壤非毛管孔隙度不符合标准要求,有高达95.61%绿地土壤总孔隙度不能满足植物正常生长;土壤饱和导水率较低,有86.85%的土壤小于5 mm/h;土壤持水能力差。除了饱和导水率与其他物理性质相关性不显著外,各物理性质均存在极显著相关性(P<0.01)。乔木地和灌木地的土壤物理性质明显优于草地。建议增施砂子和有机基质等改良材料,减少绿地土壤压实和增加绿地中乔、灌木比例来改善城市绿地土壤物理性质,以期提升城市绿地生态功能发挥。
Taking soils mainly in the typical parks and public green belts in Puxi district of the central urban area of Shanghai as the study objects, soil basic physical properties, their correlation and the influences of different vegetation types on soil basic physical properties were analyzed. The results showed that soil texture was clayey, mainly as silty clay loam. Soil bulk density was high, 37.72% of soil samples exceeded the standard of "Planting Soil for Greening". Soil porosity was poor, for instance, 82.46% of soil samples did not meet the standard requirements of non-capillary porosity, and total porosity of up to 95.61% of soil samples could not meet the normal growth of plants. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was low, up to 86.85% of soil samples was less than the standard requirement of 5 mm/h. Moreover, soil water-holding ability was poor. Except soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, the correlation between other soil physical properties were extremely significant(P<0.01). Soil physical properties of tree and brush were superior to those of grassland. It is proposed to increase the application of materials such as sands and organic matrix, reduce soil compaction and increase the proportions of tree and brush in green belts in order to improve soil physical properties and enhance the ecological function of urban green belts.
Taking soils mainly in the typical parks and public green belts in Puxi district of the central urban area of Shanghai as the study objects, soil basic physical properties, their correlation and the influences of different vegetation types on soil basic physical properties were analyzed. The results showed that soil texture was clayey, mainly as silty clay loam. Soil bulk density was high, 37.72% of soil samples exceeded the standard of "Planting Soil for Greening". Soil porosity was poor, for instance, 82.46% of soil samples did not meet the standard requirements of non-capillary porosity, and total porosity of up to 95.61% of soil samples could not meet the normal growth of plants. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was low, up to 86.85% of soil samples was less than the standard requirement of 5 mm/h. Moreover, soil water-holding ability was poor. Except soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, the correlation between other soil physical properties were extremely significant(P<0.01). Soil physical properties of tree and brush were superior to those of grassland. It is proposed to increase the application of materials such as sands and organic matrix, reduce soil compaction and increase the proportions of tree and brush in green belts in order to improve soil physical properties and enhance the ecological function of urban green belts.
引文
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[3]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园的土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):85–90
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[6]项建光,方海兰,杨意,等.上海典型新建绿地的土壤质量评价[J].土壤,2004,36(4):424–429
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[13]吴新民,潘根兴,姜海洋,等.南京城市土壤的特性与重金属污染的研究[J].生态环境,2003,12(1):19–23
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[17]Bullock P,Gregory P.Soils in the urban environments[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1999
[18]Jim C Y.Soil compaction as a constraint to tree growth in tropical&subtropical urban habitats[J].Environmental Conservation,1993,20(1):35–49
[19]李丽雅,丁蕴铮,侯晓丽,等.城市土壤特性与绿化树生长势衰弱关系研究[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(3):124–127
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[22]Jackson T,Mansfield K,Saafi M,et al.Measuring soil temperature and moisture using wireless MEMS sensors[J].Journal of Measurement,2007,41(4):381–390
[23]杜阿朋,于澎涛,王彦辉,等.六盘山北侧叠叠沟小流域土壤物理性质空间变异的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):547–554
[24]Poesen J,Ingelmo S F.Runoff and sediment yield from topsoils with different porosity as affected by rock fragment cover and position[J].Catena,1992,19:451–474
[25]Vogel H J,Roth K.Quantitative morphology and network representation of soil pore structure[J].A Advances in Water,2001,24(3/4):233–242
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[28]Alaoui A,Goetz B.Dye tracer and infiltration experiments to investigate macropore flow[J].Geoderma,2008,144:279–286
[29]吕刚,顾宇书,魏忠平,等.白石砬子自然保护区几种主要植被类型土壤入渗特性研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):780–786
[30]Alletto L,Coquet Y.Temporal and spatial variability of soil bulk density and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity under two contrasted tillage management systems[J].Geoderma.,2009,152:85–94
[31]Kanwar R S,Rizvi H A,Ahmed M,et al.Measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity by using Guelph and Velocity permeameters[J].Transaction of the ASAE,1989,32(6):1885–1890
[32]魏俊岭,金友前,郜红建,等.合肥市绿地土壤水分入渗性能研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(25):302–307
[33]张波,史正军,张朝,等.深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):299–304
[34]韩路,王海珍,于军.塔里木河上游不同植被类型土壤水文特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):124–129
[35]陈立新.城市土壤质量演变与有机改土培肥作用研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):36–39
[36]邢菊香,郭建英,赵杏花,等.黄土丘陵区退耕还林后土壤物理性质恢复特征的研究——以陕西省吴起县为例[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(1):41–46
[37]方海兰,陈玲,黄懿珍,等.上海新建绿地的土壤质量现状和对策[J].林业科学,2007,43(z1):89–94
[38]侯传庆.上海土壤[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1992
[39]伍海兵,方海兰,李爱平.常用绿地土壤改良材料对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):316–323,330
[40]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.不同配比改良材料对典型城市绿地土壤物理性质的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(4):703–709
[41]杨金玲,张甘霖.城市功能区、植被类型和利用年限对土壤压实的影响[J].土壤,2007,39(2):263–269
[42]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园土壤水库特征及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1437–1443
[43]方海兰,徐忠,张浪,等.园林绿化土壤质量标准及其应用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2016
[2]全国绿化委员会办公室.2015年中国国土绿化状况公报[N].人民日报,2016-3-15
[3]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园的土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):85–90
[4]杨金玲,张甘霖,赵玉国,等.城市土壤压实对土壤水分特征的影响——以南京市为例[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):33–38
[5]方海兰.城市土壤生态功能与有机废弃物循环利用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014
[6]项建光,方海兰,杨意,等.上海典型新建绿地的土壤质量评价[J].土壤,2004,36(4):424–429
[7]Jim C Y.Physical and chemical properties of a Hong Kong roadside soil in relation to urban tree growth[J].Urban Ecosystems,1998,2:171–181
[8]Craul P J.Urban soil in landscape design[M].Canada:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1992
[9]Gill S E,Handley J F,Ennos A R,et al.Adapting cities for climate change:The role of the green infrastructure[J].Built Environment,2007,33:115–133
[10]伍海兵,方海兰.绿地土壤入渗及其对城市生态安全的重要性[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):894–900
[11]方海兰,郝冠军,彭红玲,等.上海世博会规划区不同土地利用方式下附属绿地的重金属分布[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(3):439–446
[12]Christian R D K,Jean-Louis M.Urban soil management:A growing concern[J].Soil Science,2000,165(1):31–40
[13]吴新民,潘根兴,姜海洋,等.南京城市土壤的特性与重金属污染的研究[J].生态环境,2003,12(1):19–23
[14]张万儒.森林土壤分析方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999
[15]方海兰,徐忠,张浪等.绿化种植土壤(CJ/T 340-2016)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[16]Reisinger T W,Simmons G L,Pope P E.The impact of timber harvesting on soil properties,and seeding growth in the south[J].Southern Journal of Applied Forestry,1988,12:58–67
[17]Bullock P,Gregory P.Soils in the urban environments[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1999
[18]Jim C Y.Soil compaction as a constraint to tree growth in tropical&subtropical urban habitats[J].Environmental Conservation,1993,20(1):35–49
[19]李丽雅,丁蕴铮,侯晓丽,等.城市土壤特性与绿化树生长势衰弱关系研究[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(3):124–127
[20]Gifford R M.Interaction of carbon dioxide with growthlimiting environmental factors in vegetation productivity:Implications for the global carbon cycle[J].Adv.Bioclimatol.,1992,1:24–58
[21]Neve S D,Hofman G.Quantifying soil water effects on nitrogen mineralization from soil organic matter and from fresh crop residues[J].Biol.Fertil.Soil,2002,35:379–386
[22]Jackson T,Mansfield K,Saafi M,et al.Measuring soil temperature and moisture using wireless MEMS sensors[J].Journal of Measurement,2007,41(4):381–390
[23]杜阿朋,于澎涛,王彦辉,等.六盘山北侧叠叠沟小流域土壤物理性质空间变异的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):547–554
[24]Poesen J,Ingelmo S F.Runoff and sediment yield from topsoils with different porosity as affected by rock fragment cover and position[J].Catena,1992,19:451–474
[25]Vogel H J,Roth K.Quantitative morphology and network representation of soil pore structure[J].A Advances in Water,2001,24(3/4):233–242
[26]杨金玲,汪景宽,张甘霖,等.城市土壤的压实退化及其环境效应[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):688–694
[27]邵明安,王全久,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[28]Alaoui A,Goetz B.Dye tracer and infiltration experiments to investigate macropore flow[J].Geoderma,2008,144:279–286
[29]吕刚,顾宇书,魏忠平,等.白石砬子自然保护区几种主要植被类型土壤入渗特性研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):780–786
[30]Alletto L,Coquet Y.Temporal and spatial variability of soil bulk density and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity under two contrasted tillage management systems[J].Geoderma.,2009,152:85–94
[31]Kanwar R S,Rizvi H A,Ahmed M,et al.Measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity by using Guelph and Velocity permeameters[J].Transaction of the ASAE,1989,32(6):1885–1890
[32]魏俊岭,金友前,郜红建,等.合肥市绿地土壤水分入渗性能研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(25):302–307
[33]张波,史正军,张朝,等.深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):299–304
[34]韩路,王海珍,于军.塔里木河上游不同植被类型土壤水文特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):124–129
[35]陈立新.城市土壤质量演变与有机改土培肥作用研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):36–39
[36]邢菊香,郭建英,赵杏花,等.黄土丘陵区退耕还林后土壤物理性质恢复特征的研究——以陕西省吴起县为例[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(1):41–46
[37]方海兰,陈玲,黄懿珍,等.上海新建绿地的土壤质量现状和对策[J].林业科学,2007,43(z1):89–94
[38]侯传庆.上海土壤[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1992
[39]伍海兵,方海兰,李爱平.常用绿地土壤改良材料对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):316–323,330
[40]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.不同配比改良材料对典型城市绿地土壤物理性质的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(4):703–709
[41]杨金玲,张甘霖.城市功能区、植被类型和利用年限对土壤压实的影响[J].土壤,2007,39(2):263–269
[42]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园土壤水库特征及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1437–1443
[43]方海兰,徐忠,张浪,等.园林绿化土壤质量标准及其应用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2016