长三角区域规划协同的上海实践与思考
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摘要
区域协同是近年来研究与规划的关注重点,既有探索主要关注单个层次的协同构想,尚缺少多个层次的、一以贯之的思路,上海立足长三角率先做出了区域协同的实践与思考,逐渐明晰了长三角城市群、上海大都市圈及上海跨界地区的三个层次。长三角城市群层面由国家编制区域协同规划,重点在于明确总体目标与战略、优化空间格局、共编行动计划、完善机制保障等。都市圈层面核心在于解决与上海紧密联系地区的统筹发展问题,重点在于明确定位作用、工作原则、技术思路、核心内容及规划范围,并倡议共同组建三大机构以保障规划落实。临沪地区层面核心是解决上海与周边区县"同城而不同步"问题,已从设想走向规划编制,初步形成了多元协同框架,探索了针对具体问题的行动计划支撑,形成了四个共同准则及联席决策的保障机制。
Regional collaboration is a focus of recent planning scholarships. Existing researches tend to explore the issue at a single level rather than taking multi-scalar approaches. Shanghai has taken the lead in the Yangtze river delta to clarify three levels of regional synergy building, namely, the Yangtze river delta, the Shanghai metropolitan area and the transboundary areas. At the level of the Yangtze river delta,the state prepares the regional collaborative plan, which focuses on clarifying overall goals and strategies, optimizing spatial patterns, coordinating action plans, and improving institutional support. The core of the metropolitan-level collaboration is to solve overall development problems in areas closely related to Shanghai. The focus is on clear positioning, working principles, technical ideas, core content and planning boundary, and the establishment of three major institutions to ensure plan implementation. The core of transboundary-area collaboration is to solve synchronization problems between Shanghai and surrounding districts and counties. It has moved from envisioning to planning, formed initial multi-dimensional collaborative framework, explored issue-oriented action plans and formed the mechanism based on four common guidelines and joint decision-making.
Regional collaboration is a focus of recent planning scholarships. Existing researches tend to explore the issue at a single level rather than taking multi-scalar approaches. Shanghai has taken the lead in the Yangtze river delta to clarify three levels of regional synergy building, namely, the Yangtze river delta, the Shanghai metropolitan area and the transboundary areas. At the level of the Yangtze river delta,the state prepares the regional collaborative plan, which focuses on clarifying overall goals and strategies, optimizing spatial patterns, coordinating action plans, and improving institutional support. The core of the metropolitan-level collaboration is to solve overall development problems in areas closely related to Shanghai. The focus is on clear positioning, working principles, technical ideas, core content and planning boundary, and the establishment of three major institutions to ensure plan implementation. The core of transboundary-area collaboration is to solve synchronization problems between Shanghai and surrounding districts and counties. It has moved from envisioning to planning, formed initial multi-dimensional collaborative framework, explored issue-oriented action plans and formed the mechanism based on four common guidelines and joint decision-making.
引文
[1] GOTTMANN J. Megalopolis:or the urbanization of the northeastern seaboard[J]. Economic Geography,1957,33(3):189-200.
[2] HALL P G, PAIN K. The polycentric metropolis:learning from mega-city regions in Europe[M]. Routledge, 2006.
[3] Regional Plan Association(RPA). The fourth regional plan:making the region work for all of US[R].New York, 2017.
[4] SIMMONDS R, HACK G. Global city region:emerging forms[M]. London and New York:Spon Press,2000.
[5]陈小卉.都市圈发展阶段及其规划重点探讨[J].城市规划,2003,27(6):55-57.(CHEN Xiaohui. Discussion on the development phase of metropolitan area and its planning key points[J]. City Planning Review, 2003,27(6):55-57.)
[6]崔功豪.城市问题就是区域问题——中国城市规划区域观的确立和发展[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):24-28.(CUI Gonghao.Urban issue is the regional issue-the establishment and development of the regional view of urban planning in China[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2010(1):24-28.)
[7]方创琳,张永娇.中国城市一体化地区形成机制、空间组织模式和格局[J].城市规划学刊,2014(6):5-12.(FANG Chuanglin,ZHANG Yongjiao. The formation of Chinese integrated regions and their spatial patterm[J].Urban Planning Forum,2014(6):5-12.)
[8]高岳.长三角区域交通规划的设想[J].交通与运输.2004(3):4-5.(GAO Yue. Thoughts on regional transportation planning in the Yangtze river delta[J].Traffic&Transportation,2004(3):4-5.)
[9]顾朝林,等.中国城市地理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.(GU Chaolin.Chinese urban geography[M]. Beijing:Commercial Press,1999.)
[10]顾朝林.都市圈规划:理论、方法、实例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.(GU Chaolin. Metropolitan area planning:theory, methods, examples[M]. Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2007.)
[11]官卫华,叶斌,周一鸣,等.国家战略实施背景下跨界都市圈空间协同规划创新——以南京都市圈城乡规划协同工作为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(5):57-67.(GUAN Weihua, YE Bin, ZHOU Yiming, et al. Innovation on spatial coordinating plan of metropolitan circle in the implement of national strategies:taking urban and rural planning——coordination ofNanjing metropolitan circle as an example[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(5):57-67.)
[12]和茜.王乐,李袁.都市圈跨界地区协调规划研究——以南京都市圈石湫-博望为例[C].2016中国城市规划年会.2016.(HE Qian, WANG Le, LI Yuan. Study on coordination planning of cross-border areas in metropolitan area:a case study of Shijie-Bowang in Nanjing metropolitan area[C]. Annual National Planning Conference. 2016.)
[13]胡序成,周一星,顾朝林,等.中国沿海城镇密集地区空间集聚与扩长研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(HU Xuwei. ZHOU Yixing, GU Chaolin, et al. Study on spatial agglomeration and diffusion of cities and towns dense areas in coastal areas of China[M]. Beijing:The Scientific Press,2000.)
[14]李国平.首都圈结构:分工与营建战略[M].中国城市出版社,2004.(LI Guoping. Capital circle structure:division of labor and construction strategy[M]. China City Press,2004.)
[15]李青.基于绿色发展的城市群规划及实施刍议——以长江三角洲城市群规划为例[J].中国发展.2018(5):9-12.(LI Qing. Discussion on urban agglomeration planning and implementation based on green development-taking Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration planning as an example[J]. Chinese Develop—ment.2018(5):9-12.)
[16]宁越敏,张凡.关于城市群研究的几个问题[J].城市规划学刊,2012(1):48-53.(NING Yuemin, ZHANG Fan. On the research of large city clusters of China[J].Urban Planning Forum,2012(1):48-53.)
[17]日本国土交通省,首都圈广域地方规划(2016)[R].东京:2016.(Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Local regulation of wildland region in metropolitan area(2016)[R].Tokyo:2016.)
[18]荣玥芳.都市圈规划编制体系研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2003(4):78-84.(RONG Yuefang. A case on the urban plan formulation for the metropolitan area[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2003(4):78-84.)
[19]陶希东.跨界区域协调:内容、机制与政策研究——以三大跨省都市圈为例[J].上海经济研究.2010(1):56-64.(TAO Xidong. Cross-border regional coordination:content, mechanism and policy research:a cas:study of three interprovincial metropolitan areas[J]. Shanghai Economic Research.2010(1):56-64.)
[20]武廷海,高元.第四次纽约大都市地区规划及其启示[J].国际城市规划.2016(6):96-103.(WU Tinghai, GAO Yuan. The fourth New York metropolitan area planning and its enlightenmentQ]. Urban Planning International. 2016(6):96-103.)
[21]吴良镛.城市地区理论与中国沿海城市密集地区发展[J].城市规划,2003.(WU Liangyong. Urban area theory and the develop—ment of China's coastal cities[J]. City Planning Review,2003.)
[22]姚士谋,陈振光,朱英明,等.中国城市群[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版肚,1992.(YAO Shimou,CHEN Zhenguang, ZHU Yingming, et al. The urban agglomeration of China[M]. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1992.)
[23]于涛方,吴志强.“Global Regions”结构与重构研究——以长三角地区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2006(2):4-11.(YU Taofang, WU Zhiqiang. The structure and restructuring of global region:a case study of Yangtze river delta region in China[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2006(2):4-11.)
[24]郁鸿胜.上海都市圈融入长三角城市群发展的战略构想[J].上海城市管理,2018,27(2):20-23.(YU Hongsheng. Strategic conception of integrating Shanghai metropolitan area into the development of Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration[J]. Shanghai Urban Management,2018,27(2):20-23.)
[25]张京祥.城镇群体空间组合[M].东南大学出版社,2000.(ZHANG Jingxiang. Urban group space combination[M]. Southeast University Press,2000.)
[26]张京祥,邹军,吴启焰,等.论都市圈地域空间的组织[J].城市规划.2001(5):20-23.(ZHANG Jingxiang, ZOU Jun, WU Qiyan, et al.The comment on the organization of regional space in the metropolitan area[J]. City Planning Review. 2001(5):20-23.)
[27]张尚武.长江三角洲地区城镇空间形态协调发展研究[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(3):32-35.(ZHANG Shangwu. Study on the coordinated development of urban spatial forms in the Yangtze river delta[J]. Urban Planning Forum,1999(3):32-35.)
[28]周一星.关于明确我国城镇概念和城镇人口统计口径的建议[J].城市规划,1986(3):10-15.(ZHOU Yixing. Suggestions on clarifying China's urban concept and urban population statistics[J].City Planning Review, 1986(3):10-15.)
[29]郑德高,朱郁郁,陈阳,等.上海大都市圈的圈层结构与功能网络研究[J].城市规划学刊,2017(5):41-49.(ZHENG Degao, ZHU Yuyu. CHEN Yang, et al. Structure and functional network of Shanghai metropolitan[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2017(5):41-49.)
(1)纽约区域规划委员会(RPA)分别在1929年、1968年、1996年、2017年编制四版纽约都市圈协同规划;东京首都圈分别在1958年、1968年、1976年、1986年和1999年编制了《首都圈基本计划》(日文为《首都圈基本計画》),在2009和2016年编制了《首都圈广域地方规划》(日文为《首都圈広域地方计画》)。
(2)中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所研究员陈雯在2018年中国城市规划学会.年会现场学术对话环节提出。
[2] HALL P G, PAIN K. The polycentric metropolis:learning from mega-city regions in Europe[M]. Routledge, 2006.
[3] Regional Plan Association(RPA). The fourth regional plan:making the region work for all of US[R].New York, 2017.
[4] SIMMONDS R, HACK G. Global city region:emerging forms[M]. London and New York:Spon Press,2000.
[5]陈小卉.都市圈发展阶段及其规划重点探讨[J].城市规划,2003,27(6):55-57.(CHEN Xiaohui. Discussion on the development phase of metropolitan area and its planning key points[J]. City Planning Review, 2003,27(6):55-57.)
[6]崔功豪.城市问题就是区域问题——中国城市规划区域观的确立和发展[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):24-28.(CUI Gonghao.Urban issue is the regional issue-the establishment and development of the regional view of urban planning in China[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2010(1):24-28.)
[7]方创琳,张永娇.中国城市一体化地区形成机制、空间组织模式和格局[J].城市规划学刊,2014(6):5-12.(FANG Chuanglin,ZHANG Yongjiao. The formation of Chinese integrated regions and their spatial patterm[J].Urban Planning Forum,2014(6):5-12.)
[8]高岳.长三角区域交通规划的设想[J].交通与运输.2004(3):4-5.(GAO Yue. Thoughts on regional transportation planning in the Yangtze river delta[J].Traffic&Transportation,2004(3):4-5.)
[9]顾朝林,等.中国城市地理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.(GU Chaolin.Chinese urban geography[M]. Beijing:Commercial Press,1999.)
[10]顾朝林.都市圈规划:理论、方法、实例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.(GU Chaolin. Metropolitan area planning:theory, methods, examples[M]. Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2007.)
[11]官卫华,叶斌,周一鸣,等.国家战略实施背景下跨界都市圈空间协同规划创新——以南京都市圈城乡规划协同工作为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(5):57-67.(GUAN Weihua, YE Bin, ZHOU Yiming, et al. Innovation on spatial coordinating plan of metropolitan circle in the implement of national strategies:taking urban and rural planning——coordination ofNanjing metropolitan circle as an example[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(5):57-67.)
[12]和茜.王乐,李袁.都市圈跨界地区协调规划研究——以南京都市圈石湫-博望为例[C].2016中国城市规划年会.2016.(HE Qian, WANG Le, LI Yuan. Study on coordination planning of cross-border areas in metropolitan area:a case study of Shijie-Bowang in Nanjing metropolitan area[C]. Annual National Planning Conference. 2016.)
[13]胡序成,周一星,顾朝林,等.中国沿海城镇密集地区空间集聚与扩长研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(HU Xuwei. ZHOU Yixing, GU Chaolin, et al. Study on spatial agglomeration and diffusion of cities and towns dense areas in coastal areas of China[M]. Beijing:The Scientific Press,2000.)
[14]李国平.首都圈结构:分工与营建战略[M].中国城市出版社,2004.(LI Guoping. Capital circle structure:division of labor and construction strategy[M]. China City Press,2004.)
[15]李青.基于绿色发展的城市群规划及实施刍议——以长江三角洲城市群规划为例[J].中国发展.2018(5):9-12.(LI Qing. Discussion on urban agglomeration planning and implementation based on green development-taking Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration planning as an example[J]. Chinese Develop—ment.2018(5):9-12.)
[16]宁越敏,张凡.关于城市群研究的几个问题[J].城市规划学刊,2012(1):48-53.(NING Yuemin, ZHANG Fan. On the research of large city clusters of China[J].Urban Planning Forum,2012(1):48-53.)
[17]日本国土交通省,首都圈广域地方规划(2016)[R].东京:2016.(Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Local regulation of wildland region in metropolitan area(2016)[R].Tokyo:2016.)
[18]荣玥芳.都市圈规划编制体系研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2003(4):78-84.(RONG Yuefang. A case on the urban plan formulation for the metropolitan area[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2003(4):78-84.)
[19]陶希东.跨界区域协调:内容、机制与政策研究——以三大跨省都市圈为例[J].上海经济研究.2010(1):56-64.(TAO Xidong. Cross-border regional coordination:content, mechanism and policy research:a cas:study of three interprovincial metropolitan areas[J]. Shanghai Economic Research.2010(1):56-64.)
[20]武廷海,高元.第四次纽约大都市地区规划及其启示[J].国际城市规划.2016(6):96-103.(WU Tinghai, GAO Yuan. The fourth New York metropolitan area planning and its enlightenmentQ]. Urban Planning International. 2016(6):96-103.)
[21]吴良镛.城市地区理论与中国沿海城市密集地区发展[J].城市规划,2003.(WU Liangyong. Urban area theory and the develop—ment of China's coastal cities[J]. City Planning Review,2003.)
[22]姚士谋,陈振光,朱英明,等.中国城市群[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版肚,1992.(YAO Shimou,CHEN Zhenguang, ZHU Yingming, et al. The urban agglomeration of China[M]. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1992.)
[23]于涛方,吴志强.“Global Regions”结构与重构研究——以长三角地区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2006(2):4-11.(YU Taofang, WU Zhiqiang. The structure and restructuring of global region:a case study of Yangtze river delta region in China[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2006(2):4-11.)
[24]郁鸿胜.上海都市圈融入长三角城市群发展的战略构想[J].上海城市管理,2018,27(2):20-23.(YU Hongsheng. Strategic conception of integrating Shanghai metropolitan area into the development of Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration[J]. Shanghai Urban Management,2018,27(2):20-23.)
[25]张京祥.城镇群体空间组合[M].东南大学出版社,2000.(ZHANG Jingxiang. Urban group space combination[M]. Southeast University Press,2000.)
[26]张京祥,邹军,吴启焰,等.论都市圈地域空间的组织[J].城市规划.2001(5):20-23.(ZHANG Jingxiang, ZOU Jun, WU Qiyan, et al.The comment on the organization of regional space in the metropolitan area[J]. City Planning Review. 2001(5):20-23.)
[27]张尚武.长江三角洲地区城镇空间形态协调发展研究[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(3):32-35.(ZHANG Shangwu. Study on the coordinated development of urban spatial forms in the Yangtze river delta[J]. Urban Planning Forum,1999(3):32-35.)
[28]周一星.关于明确我国城镇概念和城镇人口统计口径的建议[J].城市规划,1986(3):10-15.(ZHOU Yixing. Suggestions on clarifying China's urban concept and urban population statistics[J].City Planning Review, 1986(3):10-15.)
[29]郑德高,朱郁郁,陈阳,等.上海大都市圈的圈层结构与功能网络研究[J].城市规划学刊,2017(5):41-49.(ZHENG Degao, ZHU Yuyu. CHEN Yang, et al. Structure and functional network of Shanghai metropolitan[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2017(5):41-49.)
(1)纽约区域规划委员会(RPA)分别在1929年、1968年、1996年、2017年编制四版纽约都市圈协同规划;东京首都圈分别在1958年、1968年、1976年、1986年和1999年编制了《首都圈基本计划》(日文为《首都圈基本計画》),在2009和2016年编制了《首都圈广域地方规划》(日文为《首都圈広域地方计画》)。
(2)中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所研究员陈雯在2018年中国城市规划学会.年会现场学术对话环节提出。