法学视野下中国足球协会善治的探索——基于对国内足球行业规则的解释
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摘要
善治是奥林匹克主义的一部分,中国足协作为中国奥委会的单位成员,同样应该主张善治。善治的原则包括合法性、法治与透明度,这是中国足协在掌管国内足球行业公共事务过程中应秉持的原则。中国足协在足球行业治理的过程中,虽然已初步具备善治的特征,但仍然存在不足,主要表现为中国足协下属各级足协缺乏自我解决行业争议的能力、足协管理层选举的透明机制不够完善以及问责机制的缺失。为实现善治,中国足协应尽快完善其下属各级足协的内部争议解决机制,推进领导层选举的透明化,完善内部问责机制。
Good governance is part of Olympism; the Chinese Football Association, as a unit member of the Chinese Olympic Committee, should advocate good governance as well. The principles of good governance include legitimacy, legal governance and transparency; they are the principles that should be adhered to by the Chinese Football Association in the process of handling Chinese football industrial public affairs. Although in the process of football industrial governance, the Chinese Football Association has been preliminarily provided with the characteristics of good governance, it still has some deficiencies, which are mainly embodied in that football associations at all levels subordinated to the Chinese Football Association lacked the ability to resolve their own industrial disputes by themselves, and that the management echelon election transparency mechanism was not perfect enough and the accountability mechanism was missing. In order to realize good governance, the Chinese Football Association should perfect the internal dispute resolution mechanism of its subordinate football associations at all levels as soon as possible, promote leader echelon election transparency, and perfect the internal accountability mechanism.
Good governance is part of Olympism; the Chinese Football Association, as a unit member of the Chinese Olympic Committee, should advocate good governance as well. The principles of good governance include legitimacy, legal governance and transparency; they are the principles that should be adhered to by the Chinese Football Association in the process of handling Chinese football industrial public affairs. Although in the process of football industrial governance, the Chinese Football Association has been preliminarily provided with the characteristics of good governance, it still has some deficiencies, which are mainly embodied in that football associations at all levels subordinated to the Chinese Football Association lacked the ability to resolve their own industrial disputes by themselves, and that the management echelon election transparency mechanism was not perfect enough and the accountability mechanism was missing. In order to realize good governance, the Chinese Football Association should perfect the internal dispute resolution mechanism of its subordinate football associations at all levels as soon as possible, promote leader echelon election transparency, and perfect the internal accountability mechanism.
引文
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[2]俞可平.增量政治改革与社会主义政治文明建设[J].公共管理学报,2004(1):8-14,93.
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[13]中国足协.关于对上海绿地申花足球俱乐部队球员秦升违规违纪的处罚决定[EB/OL].[2017-05-23].http://www.fa.org.cn/bulletin/punish/2017-03-24/518102.html.
[14]网易体育.足协已正式受理秦升上诉仲裁流程长达2-3个月[DB/OL].[2017-04-23].http://sports.163.com/17/0412/17/CHRDRQET00058780.html.
[15]龚智敏.球员呼唤公平,对我国足球转会制度的透析与思考[J].体育与科学,2000,21(3):37-39,62.
[16]朱文英.职业足球运动员转会的法律适用[J].体育科学,2014,34(1):41-47.
[17]中国足协.关于刘健与青岛中能俱乐部工作合同纠纷的情况通告[EB/OL].[2017-03-16].http://www.fa.org.cn/bulletin/other/2014-09-16/447846.html.
[18]张新.论近代中国体育转型的本质意义[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(8):29-33.
[19]孙彩虹.中国足协纪律处分现状、问题与立法完善[J].成都体育学院学报,2015,41(3):1-7.
[20]张春良.体育协会内部治理的法治度评估——以中国足协争端解决机制为样板的市政考察[J].体育科学,2015,35(7):18-26.
[21]黄世席.国际足联善治的法律解读[J].体育科学,2016,36(1):91-97.
[22]姜世波,孔伟.私力惩罚的空间:基于国际足联诉马伦扎图案的思考[J].甘肃政法学院学报,2015(3):31-37.
(1)此处的法治不仅涉及我国目前所有现存广义上法律,还包括与足球运动相关行业规范。根据《足协章程》第5章,“国际足联及亚足联之相关规定”、《足球竞赛规则》以及由中国足协执委会制定《纪律准则》和《道德准则》均被纳入法律范畴。虽然从法理学角度看,《足协章程》表述并不准确,毕竟中国足协并非获得《立法法》授权立法机关,但从足球行业内部惯习看,不论是国际足联、亚足联的相关规定还是中国足协制定的行业规范,对国内职业足球从业者行为都能起到指引以及评价作用,这一点与国家立法机关制定的法律存在共通之处,因此将上述规范理解为足球行业“法律”也未尝不可。
(2)如球员与俱乐部之间的劳动合同关系属于我国民事法律的调整范围;足协内部官员可能存在的腐败问题属于我国刑事法律的调整范围;俱乐部和球员的某些对外商业行为属于我国经济法的调整范围。
[2]俞可平.增量政治改革与社会主义政治文明建设[J].公共管理学报,2004(1):8-14,93.
[3]克劳德·斯莫茨,肖笑毛.治理在国际关系中的正确运用[J].国际社会科学杂志(中文版),1999(1):81-89.
[4]OECD,DAC.Participatory dvelopment and good governance[M].Paris:Dvelopment Co-operatation Guidelines Series,1995:1.
[5]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:31-51.
[6]靳永翥.从“良政”走向“善治”——一种社会理论的检视[J].西南民族大学学报,2010(2):234-239.
[7]百度百科.足球系列反腐案[DB/OL].[2016-12-02].http://baike.baidu.com/item/足球系列反腐案.
[8]腾讯体育.天价!中超版权5年卖出80亿体奥动力拿下![DB/OL].[2017-03-23].http://sports.qq.com/a/20150925/046694.htm.
[9]搜狐体育.中国足球运动员联合机制补偿及培训补偿说明[EB/OL].[2017-03-23].http://mt.sohu.com/sports/d20170412/133434637_509345.shtml.
[10]中国足协.关于公布2017赛季冬季窗口国内球员转会情况的说明[EB/OL].[2017-03-23].http://images.sport.org.cn/File/2017/04/27/1714171025.pdf.
[11]新浪体育.足协公布冬窗转会详情:提高透明度方便转会补偿[DB/OL].[2017-03-23].http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2017-04-28/doc-ifyetwtf8614453.shtml?_t_t_t=0.6950518812518567.
[12]王方玉.论善治指标在足球改革中的应用作用[J].体育与科学,2015,36(4):14-18.
[13]中国足协.关于对上海绿地申花足球俱乐部队球员秦升违规违纪的处罚决定[EB/OL].[2017-05-23].http://www.fa.org.cn/bulletin/punish/2017-03-24/518102.html.
[14]网易体育.足协已正式受理秦升上诉仲裁流程长达2-3个月[DB/OL].[2017-04-23].http://sports.163.com/17/0412/17/CHRDRQET00058780.html.
[15]龚智敏.球员呼唤公平,对我国足球转会制度的透析与思考[J].体育与科学,2000,21(3):37-39,62.
[16]朱文英.职业足球运动员转会的法律适用[J].体育科学,2014,34(1):41-47.
[17]中国足协.关于刘健与青岛中能俱乐部工作合同纠纷的情况通告[EB/OL].[2017-03-16].http://www.fa.org.cn/bulletin/other/2014-09-16/447846.html.
[18]张新.论近代中国体育转型的本质意义[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(8):29-33.
[19]孙彩虹.中国足协纪律处分现状、问题与立法完善[J].成都体育学院学报,2015,41(3):1-7.
[20]张春良.体育协会内部治理的法治度评估——以中国足协争端解决机制为样板的市政考察[J].体育科学,2015,35(7):18-26.
[21]黄世席.国际足联善治的法律解读[J].体育科学,2016,36(1):91-97.
[22]姜世波,孔伟.私力惩罚的空间:基于国际足联诉马伦扎图案的思考[J].甘肃政法学院学报,2015(3):31-37.
(1)此处的法治不仅涉及我国目前所有现存广义上法律,还包括与足球运动相关行业规范。根据《足协章程》第5章,“国际足联及亚足联之相关规定”、《足球竞赛规则》以及由中国足协执委会制定《纪律准则》和《道德准则》均被纳入法律范畴。虽然从法理学角度看,《足协章程》表述并不准确,毕竟中国足协并非获得《立法法》授权立法机关,但从足球行业内部惯习看,不论是国际足联、亚足联的相关规定还是中国足协制定的行业规范,对国内职业足球从业者行为都能起到指引以及评价作用,这一点与国家立法机关制定的法律存在共通之处,因此将上述规范理解为足球行业“法律”也未尝不可。
(2)如球员与俱乐部之间的劳动合同关系属于我国民事法律的调整范围;足协内部官员可能存在的腐败问题属于我国刑事法律的调整范围;俱乐部和球员的某些对外商业行为属于我国经济法的调整范围。