不同林型、产地、参龄及坡向对林下参20种单体皂苷含量的影响
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摘要
采用同时测定20种人参皂苷高效液相色谱法评价不同林型、产地、参龄及坡向对林下参皂苷含量的影响。结果表明,不同林型、产地、参龄及坡向林下参均含有14种人参皂苷单体;与其他3种林型比较,樟子松林型下栽培的林下参单体皂苷Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rg5含量与20种单体皂苷加和值最高;与其他5个产地相比,抚松县露水河镇林下参单体皂苷Rg1、Rf含量最高;3种不同年生林下参比较,15 a生林下参单体皂苷Rg1、Rf、Rb1含量最高,5 a生林下参单体皂苷Compound K、原人参二醇含量最高;3种不同坡向相比,阳坡林下参单体皂苷Rb2、Rb3含量最高,阴坡林下参单体皂苷Rh2含量最高。不同林型、产地、参龄及坡向林下参皂苷种类相同但含量不同,5～15 a生林下参均达到2015年《中国药典》要求。
Objective: To provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica. Methods: The effects of different forest types, producing areas, ages and slope orientations on the contents of ginsenosides in the roots of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica. were evaluated. Simultaneous determination of 20 ginsenosides was performed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Results: A total of 14 ginsenosides were detected in each sample regardless of forest types, producing areas, ages or slope orientations. The contents of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rg5 and the total content of 20 ginsenosides in the samples grown in the forest of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica were the highest among four forest types investigated. The contents of Rg1 and Rf in the samples from Lushuihe township, Fusong county were the highest among six producing areas. Among three different ages, the contents of Rg1, Rf and Rb1 of the 15-year-old samples were the highest, while the contents of Compound K and protopanaxadiol(PPD) were the highest in the 5-year-old samples. Among three different slope orientations, the contents of Rb2 and Rb3 in the samples from south-facing slope were the highest, while the content of Rh2 in the samples from north-facing slope was the highest. Conclusion: The contents but not types of ginsenosides in the roots of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica varied with different forest types, producing areas, ages and slope orientations. The roots of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica aged 5 to 15 years could meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(CP, 2015 version).
Objective: To provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica. Methods: The effects of different forest types, producing areas, ages and slope orientations on the contents of ginsenosides in the roots of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica. were evaluated. Simultaneous determination of 20 ginsenosides was performed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Results: A total of 14 ginsenosides were detected in each sample regardless of forest types, producing areas, ages or slope orientations. The contents of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rg5 and the total content of 20 ginsenosides in the samples grown in the forest of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica were the highest among four forest types investigated. The contents of Rg1 and Rf in the samples from Lushuihe township, Fusong county were the highest among six producing areas. Among three different ages, the contents of Rg1, Rf and Rb1 of the 15-year-old samples were the highest, while the contents of Compound K and protopanaxadiol(PPD) were the highest in the 5-year-old samples. Among three different slope orientations, the contents of Rb2 and Rb3 in the samples from south-facing slope were the highest, while the content of Rh2 in the samples from north-facing slope was the highest. Conclusion: The contents but not types of ginsenosides in the roots of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica varied with different forest types, producing areas, ages and slope orientations. The roots of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica aged 5 to 15 years could meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(CP, 2015 version).
引文
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[3]HONG M,LEE Y H,KIM S,et al.Anti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Journal of Ginseng Research,2016,40(3):203-210.DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.07.006.
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[6]李想,范航,徐源,等.林下参的栽培及管理技术[J].林业科技通讯,2016(9): 70-74.
[7]周海鸥,李秀昌,陈祥涛,等.东北地区人参药材最佳产地与生态环境的聚类分析研究[J].中国现代中药, 2010, 12(13): 14-17. DOI:10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.2010.03.006.
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[9] JI H K, YOUNG S Y, MI Y K, et al. Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017, 41(4): 435-443. DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004.
[10]郑毅男.林下参人参皂苷分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):486-491. DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2008.04.034.
[11] DAI Y, QIAO M, YU P, et al. Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017: 1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.001.
[12]林红梅.生态因子对人参皂苷含量及其生物合成关键酶基因表达的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2016: 27-40.
[13] PROCTOR J T A, PALMER J W. Optimal light for greenhouse culture of American ginseng seedlings[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017, 41(3): 370-372. DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.04.002.
[14]杨艳文,孟凡双,郜玉钢,等.高效液相色谱法同时测定人参制剂中20种人参皂苷方法的建立[J].食品科学, 2016, 37(22): 131-135. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201622019.
[15]杨金玲,高丽丽,朱平.人参皂苷生物合成研究进展[J].药学学报,2013, 48(2): 170-178. DOI:10.16438/j.0513-4870.2013.02.009.
[16] KIM H G, YOO S R, PARK H J, et al. Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebocontrolled clinical trial[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2011, 49(9): 2229-2235. DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.020.
[17] BAHRKE M, MORGAN W, STAGNER A. Is ginseng an ergogenic aid?[J]. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2009, 19(3): 298-322. DOI:10.1123/ijsnem.19.3.298.
[18]王琼,王逸,韩春勇,等.人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及其代谢产物益智作用的研究进展[J].中草药, 2014, 45(13): 1960-1965. DOI:10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2014.13.025
[19]冯亮,胡昌江,余凌英.人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及其代谢产物益智作用的研究进展[J].药学学报, 2010, 45(5): 636-640. DOI:10.16438/j.0513-4870.2010.05.007.
[20]姜先刚,张惠,王泽玉,等.不同产地、年限人参中8种皂苷含量的比较[J].时珍国医国药, 2014, 25(11): 2764-2766. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2014.11.083.
[21]崔丽丽,逄世峰,王英平,等.吉林省不同产地不同年限林下参皂苷含量比较[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2013, 35(4): 427-432.DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2013.04.005.
[22]董浩宇,周莲.吉林省不同地区人参质量的分类和评估[J].兰州文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2017, 31(1): 48-50. DOI:10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991.2017.01.012.
[23]尹文仲,童学飞,陈科力.不同海拔条件下竹节参中人参皂苷含量的比较[J].湖北民族学院学报(医学版), 2006, 23(2): 12-14.
[24]郝建勋.人参产品的质量评价及其影响因素[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2012: 57-61.
[25]张秀丽,赵岩,张燕娣,等.不同海拔高度对于人参总皂苷含量的影响[J].中国现代中药, 2011, 12(10): 14-16.
[26]包京姗,王秀全,金晶茹,等.不同土壤及其含水量对人参生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2009, 31(6): 725-728.
[27]曹伍林,付晓莹,孟祥才,等.秋季全光照及水杨酸对人参叶片生理光合特性及人参皂苷类成分含量的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2016, 22(1): 72-77. DOI:10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.2016010072.
[28]李哲,张燕娣,许永华,等.人参光合特性研究进展[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(13): 143-146.
[29]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2015: 8-9.
[30]汪静静.不同产地和年限人参样品皂苷类成分的比较研究[D].合肥:安徽中医药大学, 2015: 34-43.
[31]曲扬,乔铁,周志勋,等.不同参龄的石柱林下山参外观形态及7种主要人参皂苷的含量测定[J].中华中医药学刊, 2014, 32(9): 2198-2200.DOI:10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717. 2014.09.048.
[2]刘哲,王南,武晓林,等.不同土壤环境下种植的人参皂苷含量的比较分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(2): 737-739. DOI:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2010.02.173.
[3]HONG M,LEE Y H,KIM S,et al.Anti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Journal of Ginseng Research,2016,40(3):203-210.DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.07.006.
[4]LI Y,LUO H,SHI X,et al.PERK signaling of unfolded protein response activated in acute hypobaric hypoxia and effect of ginsenoside Rb1[J].Chinese Herbal Medicines,2016,8(1):39-43.DOI:10.1016/S1674-6384(16)60006-0.
[5]宋心东,张国荣,赵岩.我国人参种植业现状与发展趋势[J].人参研究, 2013(3): 43-45. DOI:10.19403/j.cnki.1671-1521.2013.03.014.
[6]李想,范航,徐源,等.林下参的栽培及管理技术[J].林业科技通讯,2016(9): 70-74.
[7]周海鸥,李秀昌,陈祥涛,等.东北地区人参药材最佳产地与生态环境的聚类分析研究[J].中国现代中药, 2010, 12(13): 14-17. DOI:10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.2010.03.006.
[8] HOANG T V, JAE Y C, YONG E C, et al. Kinetic study for the optimization of ginsenoside Rg3 production by heat treatment of ginsenoside Rb1[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2015, 39(4): 304-313.DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.02.003.
[9] JI H K, YOUNG S Y, MI Y K, et al. Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017, 41(4): 435-443. DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004.
[10]郑毅男.林下参人参皂苷分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):486-491. DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2008.04.034.
[11] DAI Y, QIAO M, YU P, et al. Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017: 1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.001.
[12]林红梅.生态因子对人参皂苷含量及其生物合成关键酶基因表达的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2016: 27-40.
[13] PROCTOR J T A, PALMER J W. Optimal light for greenhouse culture of American ginseng seedlings[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017, 41(3): 370-372. DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.04.002.
[14]杨艳文,孟凡双,郜玉钢,等.高效液相色谱法同时测定人参制剂中20种人参皂苷方法的建立[J].食品科学, 2016, 37(22): 131-135. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201622019.
[15]杨金玲,高丽丽,朱平.人参皂苷生物合成研究进展[J].药学学报,2013, 48(2): 170-178. DOI:10.16438/j.0513-4870.2013.02.009.
[16] KIM H G, YOO S R, PARK H J, et al. Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebocontrolled clinical trial[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2011, 49(9): 2229-2235. DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.020.
[17] BAHRKE M, MORGAN W, STAGNER A. Is ginseng an ergogenic aid?[J]. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2009, 19(3): 298-322. DOI:10.1123/ijsnem.19.3.298.
[18]王琼,王逸,韩春勇,等.人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及其代谢产物益智作用的研究进展[J].中草药, 2014, 45(13): 1960-1965. DOI:10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2014.13.025
[19]冯亮,胡昌江,余凌英.人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及其代谢产物益智作用的研究进展[J].药学学报, 2010, 45(5): 636-640. DOI:10.16438/j.0513-4870.2010.05.007.
[20]姜先刚,张惠,王泽玉,等.不同产地、年限人参中8种皂苷含量的比较[J].时珍国医国药, 2014, 25(11): 2764-2766. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2014.11.083.
[21]崔丽丽,逄世峰,王英平,等.吉林省不同产地不同年限林下参皂苷含量比较[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2013, 35(4): 427-432.DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2013.04.005.
[22]董浩宇,周莲.吉林省不同地区人参质量的分类和评估[J].兰州文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2017, 31(1): 48-50. DOI:10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991.2017.01.012.
[23]尹文仲,童学飞,陈科力.不同海拔条件下竹节参中人参皂苷含量的比较[J].湖北民族学院学报(医学版), 2006, 23(2): 12-14.
[24]郝建勋.人参产品的质量评价及其影响因素[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2012: 57-61.
[25]张秀丽,赵岩,张燕娣,等.不同海拔高度对于人参总皂苷含量的影响[J].中国现代中药, 2011, 12(10): 14-16.
[26]包京姗,王秀全,金晶茹,等.不同土壤及其含水量对人参生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2009, 31(6): 725-728.
[27]曹伍林,付晓莹,孟祥才,等.秋季全光照及水杨酸对人参叶片生理光合特性及人参皂苷类成分含量的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2016, 22(1): 72-77. DOI:10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.2016010072.
[28]李哲,张燕娣,许永华,等.人参光合特性研究进展[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(13): 143-146.
[29]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2015: 8-9.
[30]汪静静.不同产地和年限人参样品皂苷类成分的比较研究[D].合肥:安徽中医药大学, 2015: 34-43.
[31]曲扬,乔铁,周志勋,等.不同参龄的石柱林下山参外观形态及7种主要人参皂苷的含量测定[J].中华中医药学刊, 2014, 32(9): 2198-2200.DOI:10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717. 2014.09.048.