西藏拉萨达孜夏季降水日变化特征
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摘要
利用西藏自治区拉萨市达孜县2014—2015年夏季逐时降水数据,研究达孜县日降水量、降水频次、降水强度以及不同持续时间降水等指标。结果表明:降水主要集中于晚上,尤其是后半夜,白天降水较少。降水量最多的时段为1:00—7:00,降水次多时间段为19:00—23:00,降水量最少的时段为12:00—18:00,降水量最大值出现在凌晨4:00,而最少为午后13:00;降水最易发生于21:00至次日9:00,最不容易产生降水的时间段为13:00—17:00,降水次数最多时间为凌晨4:00,与降雨量最大值出现的时刻相吻合;降水强度最大时段为20:00—22:00和1:00—7:00,降水强度最大值出现在21:00,其次为22:00,最小值则出现在13:00;降水量与降水频次以及降水强度均呈显著的正相关,降水量的变化受降水频次影响程度较降水强度的大;达孜县夏季降雨以短时间段的降水为主,短时降水频次比长持续时间降水次数多,且短时降水对总降水量的贡献大于较长时间的降水。
By using hourly precipitation data in summer at Dazi county,Lhasa City,Tibet Autonomous Region,China during 2014—2015,four precipitation indices( daily precipitation,precipitation frequency,precipitation intensity,different duration precipitation) were studied and analyzed. The results showed that rainfalls were mainly concentrated at nights,especially in the latter half of the night,and the precipitation less in the afternoon. The peak period of precipitation was at 1: 00 to 7: 00,the less of that at 19: 00 to 23: 00,the least of that at 12: 00 to 18: 00.The maximum rainfall value appeared at 4: 00,while the minimum value appeared at 13: 00. The precipitation occurred at 21: 00 to 9: 00 next day easily,but it was not easy to generate at 13: 00 to 17: 00. The high value of rainfall frequency took place at 4: 00,and it was accorded with the time of maximum rainfall value. The maximum precipitation intensity took place at 20: 00 to 22: 00 and 1: 00 to 7: 00. The highest rainfall intensity appeared at21: 00,and the higher intensity was at 22: 00,and the minimum intensity generally occurred at 13: 00. The correlation among precipitation,precipitation frequency and precipitation intensity was significantly positive. The variation of precipitation was closely related to precipitation frequency,and less affected by precipitation intensity. The short time precipitation was mainly occurring in summer of Dazi County. The short time precipitation frequency events took place more than long duration precipitation events,and short time precipitation had great contribution to total precipitation,as compared with that of long duration precipitation events.
By using hourly precipitation data in summer at Dazi county,Lhasa City,Tibet Autonomous Region,China during 2014—2015,four precipitation indices( daily precipitation,precipitation frequency,precipitation intensity,different duration precipitation) were studied and analyzed. The results showed that rainfalls were mainly concentrated at nights,especially in the latter half of the night,and the precipitation less in the afternoon. The peak period of precipitation was at 1: 00 to 7: 00,the less of that at 19: 00 to 23: 00,the least of that at 12: 00 to 18: 00.The maximum rainfall value appeared at 4: 00,while the minimum value appeared at 13: 00. The precipitation occurred at 21: 00 to 9: 00 next day easily,but it was not easy to generate at 13: 00 to 17: 00. The high value of rainfall frequency took place at 4: 00,and it was accorded with the time of maximum rainfall value. The maximum precipitation intensity took place at 20: 00 to 22: 00 and 1: 00 to 7: 00. The highest rainfall intensity appeared at21: 00,and the higher intensity was at 22: 00,and the minimum intensity generally occurred at 13: 00. The correlation among precipitation,precipitation frequency and precipitation intensity was significantly positive. The variation of precipitation was closely related to precipitation frequency,and less affected by precipitation intensity. The short time precipitation was mainly occurring in summer of Dazi County. The short time precipitation frequency events took place more than long duration precipitation events,and short time precipitation had great contribution to total precipitation,as compared with that of long duration precipitation events.
引文
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[3]徐影,丁一汇,李栋梁.青藏地区未来百年气候变化[J].高原气象,2003,22(5):451-457[Xu Ying,Ding Yihui,Li Dongliang.Climatic change over Qinghai and Xizang in 21st century[J].Plateau Meteorology,2003,22(5):451-457]
[4]马晓波,李栋梁.青藏高原近代气温变化趋势及突变分析[J].高原气象,2003,22(5):507-512[Ma Xiaobo,Li Dongliang.Analyses on air temperature and its abrupt change over Qinghai-Xizang plateau in modern age[J].Plateau Meteorology,2003,22(5):507-512]
[5]Yang G Y,Slingo J J.The diumal cycle in the tropics[J].Monthly Weather Review,2001,129:784-801
[6]Nesbitt S W,Zipser E J.The diumal cycle of rainfall and convective intensity according to three years of TRMM measurements[J].Journal of Climate,2003,16:1456-1475
[7]Yu Rucong,Zhou Tianjun,Xiong Anyuan,et al.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation over contiguous China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(1):223-224,doi:10.1029/2006GL028129
[8]Yu Rucong,Zhou Tianjun.Seasonality and three-dimensional structure of interdecadal change in the East Asian monsoon[J].Journal of Climate,2007,20(21):5344-5355
[9]王夫长,宇如聪,陈昊明,等.我国西南部降水日变化特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(2):117-121[Wang Fuchang,Yu Rucong,Chen Haoming,et al.The characteristics of rainfall diurnal variation over the Southwestern China[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2011,30(2):117-121]
[10]杨森,周晓珊,高杰.辽宁省夏季降水的日变化特征[J].气象,2011,37(8):343-349[Yang Sen,Zhou Xiaoshan,Gao Jie.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Liaoning Province[J].Meteorological Monthly,2011,37(8):943-949]
[11]孙娴,魏娜,王式功,等.西安夏季降水的日变化特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1176-1182[Sun Xian,Wei Na,Wang Shigong,et al.Study of the daily variation of summer precipitation in Xi’an[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(5):1176-1182]
[12]李建,宇如聪,王建捷.北京市夏季降水的日变化特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(7):829-832[Li Jian,Yu Rucong,Wang Jianjie.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(7):829-832]
[13]赵海珍,李文华,黄瑞玲,等.拉萨达孜县北京杨人工林生态系统服务功能评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(5):104-106[Zhao Haizhen,Li Wenhua,Huang Ruiling,et al.Valuation of populus Beijingensi plantation ecosystem services in Dazi county[J].China Population Resources and Environment,2010,20(5):104-106]
[14]戴泽军,宇如聪,陈昊明.湖南夏季降水日变化特征[J].高原气象,2009,28(6):1463-1469[Dai Zejun,Yu Rucong,Chen Haoming.Characteristics of summer precipitation diurnal variations in Hunan[J].Plateau Meteorology,2009,28(6):1463-1469]
[15]刘蓉娜,张国庆,肖宏斌,等.湟水河谷夏季云和降水的日变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(1):135-141[Liu Rongna,Zhang Guoqing,Xiao Hongbin,et al.Analysis on the characteristics of daily variation of clond and precipitation over Huangshui River valley in summer[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(1):135-141]
[16]董凤鸣,周萍.EXCEL在一元线性回归分析中的应用[J].科技信息,2007,(12):144-145[Dong Fengming,Zhou Ping.The application of EXCEL in linear regression analysis[J].Science&Technology Information,2007,(12):144-145]