井阀联合防护的水电站水力过渡过程分析
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摘要
基于水力计算的特征线法和一维瞬变流理论,分别建立了调压井和调压阀的数学模型,应用于具有长引水管道的水电站。根据调压井和调压阀的工作原理,结合全部机组甩负荷时机组转速上升率和蜗壳最大压力的控制要求,对比了单独设置调压井和井阀联合防护方案分别对水电站过渡过程的影响,得到了与单调压井方案相比,井阀联调方案可以明显且有效地降低蜗壳末端最大压力和机组转速上升率的结论。在此基础上,分析了调压阀的选型对机组运行安全的影响。结合数值计算结果,确定了调压阀的启闭规律及阀径选取原则,数值模拟结果为与此类似水道布置的水电站调压阀选型选取提供了参考。
Based on the one-dimensional transient flow theory and the method of characteristics, two mathematical models, one for simulating the surge tank and the other for the pressure reducing valve, are developed and applied to a hydropower station with a long distance diversion pipeline. We simulate and compare the combination scheme of a single surge shaft and a pressure reducing valve with the scheme of a single surge shaft, considering the working principle of the surge shaft and the pressure valve and the control requirements of limiting the unit speed increasing rate and volute end peak pressure during the load rejection of all the units. It reveals that the combination scheme can reduce these two controlled factors significantly and effectively. In addition, we analyze the operation safety of the station adopting different types of pressure reducing valves, and determine the opening and closing rules of the valve and the principle of valve diameter selection.
Based on the one-dimensional transient flow theory and the method of characteristics, two mathematical models, one for simulating the surge tank and the other for the pressure reducing valve, are developed and applied to a hydropower station with a long distance diversion pipeline. We simulate and compare the combination scheme of a single surge shaft and a pressure reducing valve with the scheme of a single surge shaft, considering the working principle of the surge shaft and the pressure valve and the control requirements of limiting the unit speed increasing rate and volute end peak pressure during the load rejection of all the units. It reveals that the combination scheme can reduce these two controlled factors significantly and effectively. In addition, we analyze the operation safety of the station adopting different types of pressure reducing valves, and determine the opening and closing rules of the valve and the principle of valve diameter selection.
引文
[1]CHAUDHRY M H.Applied hydraulic transients[M].3rd ed.New York:Springer,2014.
[2]郑源,张健.水力机组过渡过程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.ZHENG Yuan,ZHANG Jian.Hydro-mechanical transient process[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[3]BERGANT A,SIMPSON A R,TIJSSELING A S.Water hammer with column separation:A historical review[J].Journal of Fluids&Structures,2006,22(2):135-171.
[4]王林锁,索丽生,屈磊飞,等.水力-机组过渡过程阀调节应用研究[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(2):143-146.WANG Linsuo,SUO Lisheng,QU Leifei,et al.Study on application of valve stroking in hydro-turbine system[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2007,26(2):143-146.(in Chinese)
[5]杨开林.电站与泵站中的水力瞬变及调节[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.YANG Kailin.Hydraulic transients and regulate in power and pumping station[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[6]洪振国.水电站调压井形式比选研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(4):113-115.HONG Zhenguo.Research on comparison and select of hydropower station shaft types[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013(4):113-115.(in Chinese)
[7]杨开林,石维新.南水北调北京段输水系统水力瞬变的控制[J].水利学报,2005,36(10):1176-1182.YANG Kailin,SHI Weixin.Control of pipeline hydraulic transients in south to north water transfer project[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(10):1176-1182.(in Chinese)
[8]赖旭,王学武,楚相林.带调压井水电站水力过渡过程试验研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2004,37(1):11-14.LAI Xu,WANG Xuewu,CHU Xianglin.Model tests of hydraulic transients of hydropower station with a surge tank[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2004,37(1):11-14.(in Chinese)
[9]马世波,张健,刘亚宁,等.中小型水电站调节保证措施研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(3):169-171.MA Shibo,ZHANG Jian,LIU Yaning,et al.Study on regulation guarantee calculation measures for mediumand small-sized hydropower plant[J].Water Resources&Power,2008,26(3):169-171.(in Chinese)
[10]姚建国.古宅二级水电站调压阀选型及计算[J].湖南水利水电,2008(3):99-100.YAO Jianguo.Selection and calculation of pressure regulating valve for two stage hydropower station of Guzai II[J].Hunan Hydro&Power,2008(3):99-100.(in Chinese)
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[12]刘卓娅,漆文邦,代娇娇,等.调压阀在中小型水电站调压系统设计中的应用[J].西北水电,2014(1):66-70.LIU Zhuoya,QI Wenbang,DAI Jiaojiao,et al.Application of pressure-regulating valve in design of pressureregulating system of medium small-scaled hydropower projects[J].Northwest Hydropower,2014(1):66-70.(in Chinese)
[13]ZHAO X L,ZHANG J,LIU W.Study on regulating valve settings for small and medium cascade hydropower stations[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,535:198-201.
[14]孔昭年,田忠禄,王思文,等.阿勒泰水电站“以阀代井”研究[J].水电站机电技术,2016,39(1):1-4.KONG Zhaonian,TIAN Zhonglu,WANG Siwen,et al.Research of pressure regulating valve instead of surge tank at Altay Hydropower Station[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,2016,39(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[15]LI X Q,CHANG J S,CHEN P.Wicket gate closure control law to improve the transient of a water turbine[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,732-733:451-456.
[16]焦洁,张健.中小型引水式水电站调压阀尺寸优化[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(5):105-107.JIAO Jie,ZHANG Jian.Optimization of pressure regulating valve diameter for medium and small diversion type hydropower station[J].Water Resources&Power,2012,30(5):105-107.(in Chinese)
[17]陈胜.水电站及抽水蓄能电站特殊工况与水锤防护措施研究[D].南京:河海大学,2014.CHEN Sheng.Study on successive load rejection and water hammer protection in hydroelectric power plants[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2014.(in Chinese)
[18]梁斌.设置减压阀水电站过渡过程研究[J].水利科技与经济,2015,21(10):93-94.LIANG Bin.Study on transient process of hydropower station with relief valve[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2015,21(10):93-94.(in Chinese)
[19]杨侃,周佳佳,王文卓,等.水电站最优负荷分配改进退火粒子群算法[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(2):21-25.YANG Kan,ZHOU Jiajia,WANG Wenzhuo,et al.Improved particle swarm optimization for hydropower station load distribution[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(2):21-25.(in Chinese)
[20]刘启钊,胡明.水电站[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.LIU Qizhao,HU Ming.Hydropower station[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[21]YU X D,ZHANG J,FAN C Y.Influence of successive load rejections on water hammer pressure of spiral case in long diversion-type hydropower station[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,607(48):551-555.
[22]李海涛,孙丽君.气垫调压室与减压阀联合防护下的减压阀优化[J].人民长江,2016,47(9):67-70.LI Haitao,SUN Lijun.Optimization of pressure reducing valve under joint protection of pressure reducing valve and air cushioned surge chamber[J].Yangtze River,2016,47(9):67-70.(in Chinese)
[23]樊红刚,崔赫辰,陈乃祥.导叶关闭规律非线性评价函数及多工况优化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(3):230-235.FAN Honggang,CUI Hechen,CHEN Naixiang.Nonlinear evaluating function for wicket-gate closing rate optimization and multi-mode optimum method[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2013,31(3):230-235.(in Chinese)
[24]李文锋,罗兴锜,刘胜柱,等.导叶两段关闭规律研究及其优化[C]//第十九次中国水电设备学术讨论会论文集,2013.LI Wenfeng,LUO Xingyi,LIU Shengzhu,et al.Research and optimization of the closure of the two section of the guide vane[C]//Proceedings of the Nineteenth China Hydropower equipment Academic Seminar,2013.(in Chinese)
[2]郑源,张健.水力机组过渡过程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.ZHENG Yuan,ZHANG Jian.Hydro-mechanical transient process[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[3]BERGANT A,SIMPSON A R,TIJSSELING A S.Water hammer with column separation:A historical review[J].Journal of Fluids&Structures,2006,22(2):135-171.
[4]王林锁,索丽生,屈磊飞,等.水力-机组过渡过程阀调节应用研究[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(2):143-146.WANG Linsuo,SUO Lisheng,QU Leifei,et al.Study on application of valve stroking in hydro-turbine system[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2007,26(2):143-146.(in Chinese)
[5]杨开林.电站与泵站中的水力瞬变及调节[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.YANG Kailin.Hydraulic transients and regulate in power and pumping station[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[6]洪振国.水电站调压井形式比选研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(4):113-115.HONG Zhenguo.Research on comparison and select of hydropower station shaft types[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013(4):113-115.(in Chinese)
[7]杨开林,石维新.南水北调北京段输水系统水力瞬变的控制[J].水利学报,2005,36(10):1176-1182.YANG Kailin,SHI Weixin.Control of pipeline hydraulic transients in south to north water transfer project[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(10):1176-1182.(in Chinese)
[8]赖旭,王学武,楚相林.带调压井水电站水力过渡过程试验研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2004,37(1):11-14.LAI Xu,WANG Xuewu,CHU Xianglin.Model tests of hydraulic transients of hydropower station with a surge tank[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2004,37(1):11-14.(in Chinese)
[9]马世波,张健,刘亚宁,等.中小型水电站调节保证措施研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(3):169-171.MA Shibo,ZHANG Jian,LIU Yaning,et al.Study on regulation guarantee calculation measures for mediumand small-sized hydropower plant[J].Water Resources&Power,2008,26(3):169-171.(in Chinese)
[10]姚建国.古宅二级水电站调压阀选型及计算[J].湖南水利水电,2008(3):99-100.YAO Jianguo.Selection and calculation of pressure regulating valve for two stage hydropower station of Guzai II[J].Hunan Hydro&Power,2008(3):99-100.(in Chinese)
[11]郭中兴,戴君年.湖南龙源水电站采用调压阀取消调压井的研究与实践[J].水利水电技术,1979(1):29-33.GUO Zhongxing,DAI Junnian.The research and practice of pressure valves instead of the surge tank in Hunan Longyuan Hydropower Station[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1979(1):29-33.(in Chinese)
[12]刘卓娅,漆文邦,代娇娇,等.调压阀在中小型水电站调压系统设计中的应用[J].西北水电,2014(1):66-70.LIU Zhuoya,QI Wenbang,DAI Jiaojiao,et al.Application of pressure-regulating valve in design of pressureregulating system of medium small-scaled hydropower projects[J].Northwest Hydropower,2014(1):66-70.(in Chinese)
[13]ZHAO X L,ZHANG J,LIU W.Study on regulating valve settings for small and medium cascade hydropower stations[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,535:198-201.
[14]孔昭年,田忠禄,王思文,等.阿勒泰水电站“以阀代井”研究[J].水电站机电技术,2016,39(1):1-4.KONG Zhaonian,TIAN Zhonglu,WANG Siwen,et al.Research of pressure regulating valve instead of surge tank at Altay Hydropower Station[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,2016,39(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[15]LI X Q,CHANG J S,CHEN P.Wicket gate closure control law to improve the transient of a water turbine[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,732-733:451-456.
[16]焦洁,张健.中小型引水式水电站调压阀尺寸优化[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(5):105-107.JIAO Jie,ZHANG Jian.Optimization of pressure regulating valve diameter for medium and small diversion type hydropower station[J].Water Resources&Power,2012,30(5):105-107.(in Chinese)
[17]陈胜.水电站及抽水蓄能电站特殊工况与水锤防护措施研究[D].南京:河海大学,2014.CHEN Sheng.Study on successive load rejection and water hammer protection in hydroelectric power plants[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2014.(in Chinese)
[18]梁斌.设置减压阀水电站过渡过程研究[J].水利科技与经济,2015,21(10):93-94.LIANG Bin.Study on transient process of hydropower station with relief valve[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2015,21(10):93-94.(in Chinese)
[19]杨侃,周佳佳,王文卓,等.水电站最优负荷分配改进退火粒子群算法[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(2):21-25.YANG Kan,ZHOU Jiajia,WANG Wenzhuo,et al.Improved particle swarm optimization for hydropower station load distribution[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(2):21-25.(in Chinese)
[20]刘启钊,胡明.水电站[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.LIU Qizhao,HU Ming.Hydropower station[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[21]YU X D,ZHANG J,FAN C Y.Influence of successive load rejections on water hammer pressure of spiral case in long diversion-type hydropower station[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,607(48):551-555.
[22]李海涛,孙丽君.气垫调压室与减压阀联合防护下的减压阀优化[J].人民长江,2016,47(9):67-70.LI Haitao,SUN Lijun.Optimization of pressure reducing valve under joint protection of pressure reducing valve and air cushioned surge chamber[J].Yangtze River,2016,47(9):67-70.(in Chinese)
[23]樊红刚,崔赫辰,陈乃祥.导叶关闭规律非线性评价函数及多工况优化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(3):230-235.FAN Honggang,CUI Hechen,CHEN Naixiang.Nonlinear evaluating function for wicket-gate closing rate optimization and multi-mode optimum method[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2013,31(3):230-235.(in Chinese)
[24]李文锋,罗兴锜,刘胜柱,等.导叶两段关闭规律研究及其优化[C]//第十九次中国水电设备学术讨论会论文集,2013.LI Wenfeng,LUO Xingyi,LIU Shengzhu,et al.Research and optimization of the closure of the two section of the guide vane[C]//Proceedings of the Nineteenth China Hydropower equipment Academic Seminar,2013.(in Chinese)