塔东地区主要不整合面剥蚀量的恢复及成因机制
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摘要
地层剥蚀量的恢复对于构造演化史研究和油气勘探至关重要。通过对高分辨率地震数据的精细解释,在塔东地区识别出9个不整合面,其中与周缘造山作用相关的不整合面包括:志留系与上奥陶统、上泥盆统与前上泥盆统、三叠系与前三叠系、侏罗系与前侏罗系、古近系与白垩系、新近系与古近系等6个主要不整合面。基于平衡剖面技术,通过趋势厚度法,恢复了塔东地区主要不整合面的剥蚀厚度。研究表明:受天山造山带和阿尔金造山带俯冲、碰撞造山运动的影响,志留系与上奥陶统、上泥盆统与前上泥盆统之间不整合面产生的剥蚀作用主要发生在塔东低凸起和若羌凹陷,并且后者的剥蚀作用最强;三叠系与前三叠系之间不整合面产生的剥蚀作用主要发生在孔雀河斜坡一带;侏罗系与前侏罗系之间不整合面产生的剥蚀作用在塔东低凸起、若羌凹陷和孔雀河斜坡等地区都比较强;古近系与白垩系、新近系与古近系之间不整合面产生的剥蚀作用在塔东地区均发生,但整体剥蚀厚度不大。
Total thickness restoration of eroded strata is an important task for tectonic reconstruction and hydrocarbon exploration.In this study,nine unconformities have been identified in the Tadong area by seismics,of which six major ones are closely related to the orogenic processes in the peripheral mountains of the basin,which includes the unconformities between Silurian and Upper Ordovician,between Upper Devonian and Pre-Upper Devonian,between Triassic and Pre-Triassic,between Jurassic and Pre-Jurassic,between Paleogene and Cretaceous,and between Neogene and Paleogene.Using balanced sections,the total eroded thickness of the main unconformities is reconstructed by the method of trend thickness for the Tadong area of Tarim Basin.The result suggests that the denudation is strongly controlled by the subduction and collision of the Tianshan and the Altyn Tagh orogenic belts.The denudations between the Silurian and the Upper Ordovician,and between the Upper Devonian and the Pre-Upper Devonian occurs mainly on the Tadong Uplift and the Ruoqiang Depression,and the denudation between the Upper Devonian and the Pre-Upper Devonia is more intensive.On the contrary,the denudation between the Triassic and the Pre-Triassic is on the Kongquehe Slope.The denudation between the Jurassic and the Pre-Jurassic also mainly occurs on the Tadong Uplift,in the Ruoqiang depression and on the Kongquehe slope.The denudation between the Paleogene and the Cretaceous,and the one between the Neogene and the Paleogene occur as well in the Tadong area with weaker denudation.
Total thickness restoration of eroded strata is an important task for tectonic reconstruction and hydrocarbon exploration.In this study,nine unconformities have been identified in the Tadong area by seismics,of which six major ones are closely related to the orogenic processes in the peripheral mountains of the basin,which includes the unconformities between Silurian and Upper Ordovician,between Upper Devonian and Pre-Upper Devonian,between Triassic and Pre-Triassic,between Jurassic and Pre-Jurassic,between Paleogene and Cretaceous,and between Neogene and Paleogene.Using balanced sections,the total eroded thickness of the main unconformities is reconstructed by the method of trend thickness for the Tadong area of Tarim Basin.The result suggests that the denudation is strongly controlled by the subduction and collision of the Tianshan and the Altyn Tagh orogenic belts.The denudations between the Silurian and the Upper Ordovician,and between the Upper Devonian and the Pre-Upper Devonian occurs mainly on the Tadong Uplift and the Ruoqiang Depression,and the denudation between the Upper Devonian and the Pre-Upper Devonia is more intensive.On the contrary,the denudation between the Triassic and the Pre-Triassic is on the Kongquehe Slope.The denudation between the Jurassic and the Pre-Jurassic also mainly occurs on the Tadong Uplift,in the Ruoqiang depression and on the Kongquehe slope.The denudation between the Paleogene and the Cretaceous,and the one between the Neogene and the Paleogene occur as well in the Tadong area with weaker denudation.
引文
[1]郭飞飞,曹强,唐文旭.南黄海北部盆地东北凹陷地层剥蚀厚度恢复[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):99-103.
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[3]林畅松,李思田,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地古生代重要演化阶段的古构造格局与古地理演化[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):210-218.
[4]牟中海,陆廷清,谢桂生,等.塔西南地区二叠系剥蚀厚度恢复[J].天然气工业,2001,21(2):41-43.
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[6]牟中海,唐勇,崔炳富,等.塔西南地区地层剥蚀厚度恢复研究[J].石油学报,2011,23(1):40-44.
[7]王毅,金之钧.沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀量的新方法[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):482-485.
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[9]张一伟,金之钧,刘国臣,等.塔里木盆地环满加尔地区主要不整合形成过程及剥蚀量研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):449-456.
[10]胡圣标,汪集旸,张容燕.利用镜质体反射率数据估算地层剥蚀厚度[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(4):42-45.
[11]邱春光,王璞珺,刘延莉.滨北地区T5和T4不整合面剥蚀量恢复[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(6):16-19.
[12]佟彦明,吴冲龙.Ro差值法恢复地层剥蚀量的不合理性[J].天然气工业,2006,26(5):21-23.
[13]赵力彬,黄志龙,高岗,等.恢复地层剥蚀厚度的一种新方法——包裹体测温法[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,21(1):15-19.
[14]Himansu S S,Matthias J R,Barry P K,et al.Denudation history of Eastern Indian peninsula from apatite fission track analysis:Linking possible plume-related uplift and the sedimentary record[J].Tectonophysics,2013,608:1413-1428.
[15]Kamp P J J,Liddell I J.Thermochronology of northern Murihiku Terrane,New Zealand,derived from apatite FT analysis[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2000,157(2):345-354.
[16]刘景彦,林畅松,喻岳钰,等.用声波测井资料计算剥蚀量的方法改进[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):302-306.
[17]纪友亮,胡光明,黄建军,等.渤海湾地区中生代地层剥蚀量及中、新生代构造演化研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):351-358.
[18]靳广兴,卓勤功.东濮凹陷东营组地层剥蚀厚度恢复[J].断块油气田,2006,13(6):18-20.
[19]何将启,周祖翼,江兴歌.优化孔隙度法计算地层剥蚀厚度:原理及实例[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(6):561-565.
[20]牟中海,陈志勇,陆廷清,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系剥蚀厚度恢复[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):35-37.
[21]刘朝露,贾承造,夏斌,等.塔东地区盆山耦合与油气成藏模式研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(5):552-558.
[22]Sun J M,Zhang Z Q.Syntectonic growth strata and implications for Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift in the northern Tianshan,China[J].Tectonophysics,2009,463(1-4):60-68.
[23]何登发,周新源,张朝军,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地地质结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):31-41.
[24]Liu H,Wang Y M.Restoration of eroded stratal thickness in key periods of tectonic change in a multi-stage superimposed Tarim Basin in China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,1(2):149-171.
[25]Lin C S,Yang H J,Liu J Y.Distribution and erosion of the Paleozoic tectonic unconformities in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China:Significance for the evolution of paleouplifts and tectonic geography during deformation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,46:1-19.
[26]何碧竹,许志琴,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地构造不整合成因及对油气成藏的影响[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):253-265.
[27]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等.塔里木盆地关键构造变革期不整合特征及其地质意义[J].世界地质,2012,31(2):306-314.
[28]张建新,孟樊聪,于胜尧,等.北阿尔金HP/LT蓝片岩和榴辉岩的Ar-Ar年代学及其区域地质意义[J].中国地质,2007,34(4):558-564.
[29]戚学祥,吴才来,李海兵,等.北阿尔金喀孜萨依花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2005,21(3):859-866.
[30]康磊,刘良,曹玉亭,等.北阿尔金构造带红柳沟钾长花岗岩地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成[J].地质通报,2011,30(7):1066-1076.
[31]董顺利,李忠,高剑,等.阿尔金—祁连—昆仑造山带早古生代构造格架及结晶岩年代学研究进展[J].地质论评,2013,59(4):731-746.
[32]Charvet J,Shu L S,Laurent-Charvet S,et al.Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan belt,NW China[J].Science China,2011,54(2):166-184.
[33]汤良杰,邱海峻,云露,等.塔里木盆地北缘—南天山造山带盆—山耦合和构造转换[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):195-204.
[34]周肖贝,李江海,王洪浩,等.塔里木盆地南华纪—震旦纪盆地类型及早期成盆构造背景[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):290-298.
[35]Wang X W,Chen F J.Sinian-Ordovician tectonic evolution of the North Tarim and South Tianshan region and its relation to oil and gas[J].Geoscience,1997,11(3):313-320.
[36]Brookfield M E.Geological development and Phanerozoic crustal accretion in the western segment of the southern Tianshan(Kyrgyzstan,Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)[J].Tectonophysics,2000,328(1/2):1-14.
[37]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.
[2]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木盆地多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-75.
[3]林畅松,李思田,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地古生代重要演化阶段的古构造格局与古地理演化[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):210-218.
[4]牟中海,陆廷清,谢桂生,等.塔西南地区二叠系剥蚀厚度恢复[J].天然气工业,2001,21(2):41-43.
[5]丁文龙,漆立新,云露,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化及其对奥陶系储层发育的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2542-2556.
[6]牟中海,唐勇,崔炳富,等.塔西南地区地层剥蚀厚度恢复研究[J].石油学报,2011,23(1):40-44.
[7]王毅,金之钧.沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀量的新方法[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):482-485.
[8]张海军,曹强,孙建峰.地层剥蚀厚度恢复研究——以南黄海北部盆地东北凹陷为例[J].中国石油勘探,2008,13(5):21-25.
[9]张一伟,金之钧,刘国臣,等.塔里木盆地环满加尔地区主要不整合形成过程及剥蚀量研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):449-456.
[10]胡圣标,汪集旸,张容燕.利用镜质体反射率数据估算地层剥蚀厚度[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(4):42-45.
[11]邱春光,王璞珺,刘延莉.滨北地区T5和T4不整合面剥蚀量恢复[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(6):16-19.
[12]佟彦明,吴冲龙.Ro差值法恢复地层剥蚀量的不合理性[J].天然气工业,2006,26(5):21-23.
[13]赵力彬,黄志龙,高岗,等.恢复地层剥蚀厚度的一种新方法——包裹体测温法[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,21(1):15-19.
[14]Himansu S S,Matthias J R,Barry P K,et al.Denudation history of Eastern Indian peninsula from apatite fission track analysis:Linking possible plume-related uplift and the sedimentary record[J].Tectonophysics,2013,608:1413-1428.
[15]Kamp P J J,Liddell I J.Thermochronology of northern Murihiku Terrane,New Zealand,derived from apatite FT analysis[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2000,157(2):345-354.
[16]刘景彦,林畅松,喻岳钰,等.用声波测井资料计算剥蚀量的方法改进[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):302-306.
[17]纪友亮,胡光明,黄建军,等.渤海湾地区中生代地层剥蚀量及中、新生代构造演化研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):351-358.
[18]靳广兴,卓勤功.东濮凹陷东营组地层剥蚀厚度恢复[J].断块油气田,2006,13(6):18-20.
[19]何将启,周祖翼,江兴歌.优化孔隙度法计算地层剥蚀厚度:原理及实例[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(6):561-565.
[20]牟中海,陈志勇,陆廷清,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系剥蚀厚度恢复[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):35-37.
[21]刘朝露,贾承造,夏斌,等.塔东地区盆山耦合与油气成藏模式研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(5):552-558.
[22]Sun J M,Zhang Z Q.Syntectonic growth strata and implications for Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift in the northern Tianshan,China[J].Tectonophysics,2009,463(1-4):60-68.
[23]何登发,周新源,张朝军,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地地质结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):31-41.
[24]Liu H,Wang Y M.Restoration of eroded stratal thickness in key periods of tectonic change in a multi-stage superimposed Tarim Basin in China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,1(2):149-171.
[25]Lin C S,Yang H J,Liu J Y.Distribution and erosion of the Paleozoic tectonic unconformities in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China:Significance for the evolution of paleouplifts and tectonic geography during deformation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,46:1-19.
[26]何碧竹,许志琴,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地构造不整合成因及对油气成藏的影响[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):253-265.
[27]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等.塔里木盆地关键构造变革期不整合特征及其地质意义[J].世界地质,2012,31(2):306-314.
[28]张建新,孟樊聪,于胜尧,等.北阿尔金HP/LT蓝片岩和榴辉岩的Ar-Ar年代学及其区域地质意义[J].中国地质,2007,34(4):558-564.
[29]戚学祥,吴才来,李海兵,等.北阿尔金喀孜萨依花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2005,21(3):859-866.
[30]康磊,刘良,曹玉亭,等.北阿尔金构造带红柳沟钾长花岗岩地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成[J].地质通报,2011,30(7):1066-1076.
[31]董顺利,李忠,高剑,等.阿尔金—祁连—昆仑造山带早古生代构造格架及结晶岩年代学研究进展[J].地质论评,2013,59(4):731-746.
[32]Charvet J,Shu L S,Laurent-Charvet S,et al.Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan belt,NW China[J].Science China,2011,54(2):166-184.
[33]汤良杰,邱海峻,云露,等.塔里木盆地北缘—南天山造山带盆—山耦合和构造转换[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):195-204.
[34]周肖贝,李江海,王洪浩,等.塔里木盆地南华纪—震旦纪盆地类型及早期成盆构造背景[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):290-298.
[35]Wang X W,Chen F J.Sinian-Ordovician tectonic evolution of the North Tarim and South Tianshan region and its relation to oil and gas[J].Geoscience,1997,11(3):313-320.
[36]Brookfield M E.Geological development and Phanerozoic crustal accretion in the western segment of the southern Tianshan(Kyrgyzstan,Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)[J].Tectonophysics,2000,328(1/2):1-14.
[37]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.